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<p>Bubble soccer is a full-contact variant of soccer in which participants wear inflatable bubbles. There are concerns that inadequate bubble inflation pressure can lead to serious head and neck injury. A Messring crash barrier system with a custom-built sled was used to accelerate an instrumented partial 50th-percentile-male Hybrid-III anthropomorphic testing device positioned within a 150-cm diameter KnockerBall® into a rigid barrier. The Hybrid-III was positioned with the head angled down and the torso leaning forward to replicate a head-on, head-first collision with another player. Two impact speeds (4.5 and 5.8&#xa0;m/s) and four inflation pressures (1.03, 1.38, 1.72, and 2.07&#xa0;kPa) were tested. Head kinematics and cervical spine loads were evaluated and compared to injury assessment reference values to determine how inflation pressure and impact speed influence the risks of serious brain and cervical spine injury. For all tests, head linear and angular kinematic metrics were below injury assessment reference values for severe brain injuries. Increasing inflation pressure lowered resultant angular head accelerations (<i>p</i> = 0.02) but had no effect on other head injury metrics. All head and cervical spine injury metrics increased with increasing speed, and in general, the 5.8&#xa0;m/s impact speed produced cervical spine loading metrics that exceeded injury assessment reference values. Despite the perceived safety of bubble soccer, the evidence presented suggests the likelihood of cervical spine injury is high during head-first impacts particularly those that occur at fast running speeds. Results from our study supports the recommendations by the Bubbleball Business Association to avoid head-first, leaned-in postures and reduce impact speed in order to prevent cervical spine injury.</p>

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Head-first impacts during bubble soccer: examining head and neck injury potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月6日

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  • Daniel C. McFarland,
  • Bethany L. Suderman,
  • Denise R. Cruise,
  • Lenka L. Stepan,
  • Irving S. Scher

摘要

Bubble soccer is a full-contact variant of soccer in which participants wear inflatable bubbles. There are concerns that inadequate bubble inflation pressure can lead to serious head and neck injury. A Messring crash barrier system with a custom-built sled was used to accelerate an instrumented partial 50th-percentile-male Hybrid-III anthropomorphic testing device positioned within a 150-cm diameter KnockerBall® into a rigid barrier. The Hybrid-III was positioned with the head angled down and the torso leaning forward to replicate a head-on, head-first collision with another player. Two impact speeds (4.5 and 5.8 m/s) and four inflation pressures (1.03, 1.38, 1.72, and 2.07 kPa) were tested. Head kinematics and cervical spine loads were evaluated and compared to injury assessment reference values to determine how inflation pressure and impact speed influence the risks of serious brain and cervical spine injury. For all tests, head linear and angular kinematic metrics were below injury assessment reference values for severe brain injuries. Increasing inflation pressure lowered resultant angular head accelerations (p = 0.02) but had no effect on other head injury metrics. All head and cervical spine injury metrics increased with increasing speed, and in general, the 5.8 m/s impact speed produced cervical spine loading metrics that exceeded injury assessment reference values. Despite the perceived safety of bubble soccer, the evidence presented suggests the likelihood of cervical spine injury is high during head-first impacts particularly those that occur at fast running speeds. Results from our study supports the recommendations by the Bubbleball Business Association to avoid head-first, leaned-in postures and reduce impact speed in order to prevent cervical spine injury.