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<p>The natural convective heat transfer coefficient (<i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub>) of the human body is a critical parameter for developing a comprehensive mathematical model of human thermal regulation. As age-dependent personalized thermal comfort models advance, the <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> for children and adolescents need increased attention. This study analyzed the <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> of 36 human models across six age groups using a numerical simulation method validated by experimental data from the thermal manikin. Our results indicate that <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> on the human body surface decreases progressively with age. The average <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> of children and adolescents was higher than those of adults (18–70 yr) by 11.66% (4–6 yr), 9.23% (7–10 yr), 6.67% (11–12 yr), 3.89% (13–15 yr), and 1.67% (16–17 yr). The distribution of <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> across the human body surface is non-uniform, with the highest values observed on the face, hands, feet, and inner arm regions near the torso. For the upper limbs (hands, forearms, upper arms), lower limbs (feet, thighs, calves), and trunk (chest, back, pelvis), <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> generally decreased with increasing height level. Body segment length directly influences boundary layer development, exhibiting an inverse relationship with <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub>. Based on geometric dimension analysis, a prediction model for local <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> was developed, incorporating temperature differences and characteristic dimensions. These findings offer a reference for selecting <i>h</i><sub>n,c</sub> in developing personalized thermal comfort models.</p>

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Natural convection heat transfer coefficients for Chinese children and adolescents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Yunfei Kang,
  • Xue Wang,
  • Yanyan Li,
  • Huihui Zhao,
  • Haiguo Yin,
  • Yongchao Zhai

摘要

The natural convective heat transfer coefficient (hn,c) of the human body is a critical parameter for developing a comprehensive mathematical model of human thermal regulation. As age-dependent personalized thermal comfort models advance, the hn,c for children and adolescents need increased attention. This study analyzed the hn,c of 36 human models across six age groups using a numerical simulation method validated by experimental data from the thermal manikin. Our results indicate that hn,c on the human body surface decreases progressively with age. The average hn,c of children and adolescents was higher than those of adults (18–70 yr) by 11.66% (4–6 yr), 9.23% (7–10 yr), 6.67% (11–12 yr), 3.89% (13–15 yr), and 1.67% (16–17 yr). The distribution of hn,c across the human body surface is non-uniform, with the highest values observed on the face, hands, feet, and inner arm regions near the torso. For the upper limbs (hands, forearms, upper arms), lower limbs (feet, thighs, calves), and trunk (chest, back, pelvis), hn,c generally decreased with increasing height level. Body segment length directly influences boundary layer development, exhibiting an inverse relationship with hn,c. Based on geometric dimension analysis, a prediction model for local hn,c was developed, incorporating temperature differences and characteristic dimensions. These findings offer a reference for selecting hn,c in developing personalized thermal comfort models.