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<p>The development of blood-wetted artificial organs is limited by thrombosis on synthetic biomaterial surfaces. In contrast, the endothelium of the vasculature creates a natural barrier to both thrombosis and pannus growth. Consequently, efforts have been made to endothelialize synthetic biomaterials used in blood-wetted devices. Therefore, this study was undertaken to provide a numerical model to simulate the inhibitory effects of EC-derived nitric oxide (NO) on platelet deposition. An existing multi-constituent continuum model of thrombosis was amended to incorporate shear-dependent generation of NO as an anticoagulant. A simulation was performed of blood flow through a bipartite parallel plate channel having an endothelialized upstream layer followed by a pro-coagulant collagen surface downstream. The simulation showed that endothelial-derived NO inhibited downstream platelet deposition, reducing thrombus growth and creating a thrombus-free zone immediately downstream. This enhanced simulation model of thrombosis provides insights into factors that may guide future endothelialization of artificial organs and other blood-wetted devices.</p>

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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Endothelium-Modulated Thrombosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Wenxuan He,
  • Abhishek Karmakar,
  • James F. Antaki

摘要

The development of blood-wetted artificial organs is limited by thrombosis on synthetic biomaterial surfaces. In contrast, the endothelium of the vasculature creates a natural barrier to both thrombosis and pannus growth. Consequently, efforts have been made to endothelialize synthetic biomaterials used in blood-wetted devices. Therefore, this study was undertaken to provide a numerical model to simulate the inhibitory effects of EC-derived nitric oxide (NO) on platelet deposition. An existing multi-constituent continuum model of thrombosis was amended to incorporate shear-dependent generation of NO as an anticoagulant. A simulation was performed of blood flow through a bipartite parallel plate channel having an endothelialized upstream layer followed by a pro-coagulant collagen surface downstream. The simulation showed that endothelial-derived NO inhibited downstream platelet deposition, reducing thrombus growth and creating a thrombus-free zone immediately downstream. This enhanced simulation model of thrombosis provides insights into factors that may guide future endothelialization of artificial organs and other blood-wetted devices.