Nevus Sebaceous of Jadassohn’s Misdiagnosed as a Vascular Anomaly: a Pediatric Case Report

Nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn (NSJ) is an infrequent congenital epidermal cutaneous lesion that usually appears on the scalp and face. NSJ may have sex hormones-related growth, so removal in the prepubertal stage is indicated. A female newborn with no prenatal history presented with an excrescent lesion in the parietal region of the scalp at birth, measuring approximately 1 × 1 cm. She also had a nuchal capillary malformation and a small lumbar congenital hemangioma (CH). The lesion was clinically and ultrasonographically diagnosed as a CH and evolutionary surveillance was indicated. At 3 years of age, the lesion maintained a proportional size with a cerebriform, non-vascular appearance. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathology established the diagnosis of NSJ. In the presence of a scalp lesion present from birth, the diagnosis of NSJ should be considered. Ultrasound studies may create diagnostic confusion since the findings may be similar to those of a CH. NSJ located on the scalp may be difficult to diagnose on inspection alone.