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<p>Waste cooking oil (WCO), with a free fatty acid content of 4.28%, was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Due to severe saponification observed with alkaline catalysts, we synthesized acidic solid catalysts by the sulfonation of waste sawdust (WSD), confirmed by FT-IR and SEM-EDS elemental analysis. A factorial design was utilized to analyze the relative impact of various factors affecting biodiesel production, revealing catalyst concentration as the most significant parameter, followed by temperature, methanol dosage, and reaction time. Under the optimal reaction conditions (10 wt% catalyst concentration relative to WCO, 90&#xa0;°C, a molar ratio of methanol to WCO of 30:1, and a reaction time of 8&#xa0;h), a biodiesel conversion of 81.2% was achieved. The synthesized acidic solid catalysts demonstrated excellent reusability for up to eleven consecutive biodiesel production cycles at an elevated catalyst concentration of 125 wt%, maintaining a conversion exceeding 70%. Upon deactivation, the catalytic activity was effectively restored through sulfonic acid treatment, enabling an additional nine cycles, implying the reuse of WSD as backbone of solid acid catalysts.</p>

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Highly regenerable waste sawdust-derived acidic catalysts for multiple-cycle biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月21日

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  • Dong Gyu Lee,
  • Sung Ho Yeom

摘要

Waste cooking oil (WCO), with a free fatty acid content of 4.28%, was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Due to severe saponification observed with alkaline catalysts, we synthesized acidic solid catalysts by the sulfonation of waste sawdust (WSD), confirmed by FT-IR and SEM-EDS elemental analysis. A factorial design was utilized to analyze the relative impact of various factors affecting biodiesel production, revealing catalyst concentration as the most significant parameter, followed by temperature, methanol dosage, and reaction time. Under the optimal reaction conditions (10 wt% catalyst concentration relative to WCO, 90 °C, a molar ratio of methanol to WCO of 30:1, and a reaction time of 8 h), a biodiesel conversion of 81.2% was achieved. The synthesized acidic solid catalysts demonstrated excellent reusability for up to eleven consecutive biodiesel production cycles at an elevated catalyst concentration of 125 wt%, maintaining a conversion exceeding 70%. Upon deactivation, the catalytic activity was effectively restored through sulfonic acid treatment, enabling an additional nine cycles, implying the reuse of WSD as backbone of solid acid catalysts.