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<p><i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i>, a widely studied green microalga, is known for its ability to synthesize and store astaxanthin, a high-value antioxidant. However, large-scale biorefinery applications are hindered by its cultivation periods and complex life cycles. In this study, we explored mild hydrostatic pressurization as a strategy to promote the germination of dormant cysts and enhance subsequent photosynthetic growth of <i>H. pluvialis</i> cells. Seed cysts were exposed to pressures ranging from 5 to 20 bar for 1–12 h and then cultivated photoautotrophically in flasks for 20 days. Notably, among the tested conditions, treatment at 10 bar for 2 h resulted in a 45% increase in cell density by day 3 compared to the untreated control, indicating the effectiveness of moderate pressurization in promoting early vegetative growth. After 20 days, cultures subjected to the optimal condition exhibited a 22% increase in astaxanthin productivity (0.98 ± 0.08&#xa0;mg/L/d) compared to the control (0.80 ± 0.05&#xa0;mg/L/d), primarily due to enhanced biomass production rather than direct stimulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis. In contrast, higher pressure intensities or extended durations led to reduced cell density. These findings suggest that controlled pressurization of cysts is an effective and environmentally friendly approach for commercial two-step cultivation protocols, in which pressurized seed cysts first maximize photosynthetic biomass production before undergoing stress-induced astaxanthin accumulation.</p>

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Promotion of germination and astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis by pressurization of seed cysts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月19日

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  • Hyoji Yu,
  • Aditya Lakshmi Narasimhan,
  • Catherine Christabel,
  • Sangui Kim,
  • Eui-Jin Kim,
  • Ja Young Cho,
  • You-Kwan Oh

摘要

Haematococcus pluvialis, a widely studied green microalga, is known for its ability to synthesize and store astaxanthin, a high-value antioxidant. However, large-scale biorefinery applications are hindered by its cultivation periods and complex life cycles. In this study, we explored mild hydrostatic pressurization as a strategy to promote the germination of dormant cysts and enhance subsequent photosynthetic growth of H. pluvialis cells. Seed cysts were exposed to pressures ranging from 5 to 20 bar for 1–12 h and then cultivated photoautotrophically in flasks for 20 days. Notably, among the tested conditions, treatment at 10 bar for 2 h resulted in a 45% increase in cell density by day 3 compared to the untreated control, indicating the effectiveness of moderate pressurization in promoting early vegetative growth. After 20 days, cultures subjected to the optimal condition exhibited a 22% increase in astaxanthin productivity (0.98 ± 0.08 mg/L/d) compared to the control (0.80 ± 0.05 mg/L/d), primarily due to enhanced biomass production rather than direct stimulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis. In contrast, higher pressure intensities or extended durations led to reduced cell density. These findings suggest that controlled pressurization of cysts is an effective and environmentally friendly approach for commercial two-step cultivation protocols, in which pressurized seed cysts first maximize photosynthetic biomass production before undergoing stress-induced astaxanthin accumulation.