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<p>Lung cancer remains one of the most significant oncological and public health challenges in Austria. Despite progress in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, prognosis remains poor because most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting curative options. In 2023, over 5200 new cases were recorded, and lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in men and the second cause of death in women. Incidence in men has stabilized, but continues to rise in women due to historical trends in smoking behavior. The median age at diagnosis is around 69 years, and the disease continues to impose a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system and society. Smoking and age are the main risk factors, with heavy smoking most common among individuals aged 50–70 years—the population most likely to benefit from screening. The increasing disease burden in women and socioeconomic disparities highlight the need for targeted prevention and early detection initiatives. Randomized studies (e.g., NLST and NELSON) have clearly demonstrated that annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality by 20–33%. Based on this evidence, European societies recommend LDCT screening for high-risk populations. Several European countries, including Germany, are now implementing national programs with physician-guided eligibility assessment, smoking-cessation counseling, and strict quality standards. In Austria, health-economic evaluations have confirmed that a risk-adapted LDCT screening program would be cost-effective. National implementation should therefore include standardized imaging protocols, centralized data monitoring, multidisciplinary evaluation, and equitable access. A structured, quality-assured LDCT screening program would represent a crucial step toward reducing lung cancer mortality in Austria and improving long-term population health outcomes.</p>

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Lung cancer in Austria: epidemiology and demographic trends as a basis for early detection strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • R. E. Wass,
  • B. Lamprecht

摘要

Lung cancer remains one of the most significant oncological and public health challenges in Austria. Despite progress in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, prognosis remains poor because most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting curative options. In 2023, over 5200 new cases were recorded, and lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in men and the second cause of death in women. Incidence in men has stabilized, but continues to rise in women due to historical trends in smoking behavior. The median age at diagnosis is around 69 years, and the disease continues to impose a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system and society. Smoking and age are the main risk factors, with heavy smoking most common among individuals aged 50–70 years—the population most likely to benefit from screening. The increasing disease burden in women and socioeconomic disparities highlight the need for targeted prevention and early detection initiatives. Randomized studies (e.g., NLST and NELSON) have clearly demonstrated that annual low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality by 20–33%. Based on this evidence, European societies recommend LDCT screening for high-risk populations. Several European countries, including Germany, are now implementing national programs with physician-guided eligibility assessment, smoking-cessation counseling, and strict quality standards. In Austria, health-economic evaluations have confirmed that a risk-adapted LDCT screening program would be cost-effective. National implementation should therefore include standardized imaging protocols, centralized data monitoring, multidisciplinary evaluation, and equitable access. A structured, quality-assured LDCT screening program would represent a crucial step toward reducing lung cancer mortality in Austria and improving long-term population health outcomes.