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Background <p>Natural bioactive compounds and nanotechnology offer promising strategies to enhance wound healing. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from <i>Aloe vera</i> and <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> extracts.</p> Methods <p>Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using <i>Aloe vera</i> (AV), <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (CV), and their combination (AV-CV) through a green reduction approach. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biological activity was evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assay, in vitro scratch migration assay, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) quantification by ELISA in EA.hy926 endothelial cells.</p> Results <p>The combined AV-CV-AgNPs formulation showed the smallest particle size (103.36 ± 0.65&#xa0;nm) compared with AV-AgNPs (252.07 ± 16.46&#xa0;nm) and CV-AgNPs (130.24 ± 3.82&#xa0;nm), with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.298 ± 0.03) and zeta potential of -9.27 ± 2.29 mV. In the MTT assay, AV-CV-AgNPs maintained high cell viability (&gt; 105%) across concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1000&#xa0;µg/mL, whereas AV-AgNPs and CV showed marked cytotoxicity at ≥ 250&#xa0;µg/mL (≈ 10–12% viability). The scratch assay demonstrated enhanced endothelial migration, with wound closure reaching 78.1 ± 2.2% at 60&#xa0;µg/mL for AV-CV-AgNPs compared with 69.3 ± 2.8% for AV-AgNPs and 62.3 ± 5.5% for AV alone. VEGF secretion increased from 352 pg/mL in control cells to 475 pg/mL after treatment.</p> Conclusion <p>Green-synthesized AV-CV-AgNPs exhibit excellent cytocompatibility and significantly enhance endothelial migration and angiogenic signaling, indicating strong potential for wound healing applications.</p>

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Synergistic Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Aloe vera and Chlorella vulgaris Enhance Endothelial Migration and VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis for Accelerated Wound Healing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Noor Jameel Ammash Alzubaidi,
  • Bassam M. Abualsoud,
  • Fatimah Ahmed Challoob AL-Khuzaee,
  • Mokhtar Zuhair Alimami,
  • Dhari K. Luhaibi

摘要

Background

Natural bioactive compounds and nanotechnology offer promising strategies to enhance wound healing. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Aloe vera and Chlorella vulgaris extracts.

Methods

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Aloe vera (AV), Chlorella vulgaris (CV), and their combination (AV-CV) through a green reduction approach. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biological activity was evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assay, in vitro scratch migration assay, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) quantification by ELISA in EA.hy926 endothelial cells.

Results

The combined AV-CV-AgNPs formulation showed the smallest particle size (103.36 ± 0.65 nm) compared with AV-AgNPs (252.07 ± 16.46 nm) and CV-AgNPs (130.24 ± 3.82 nm), with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.298 ± 0.03) and zeta potential of -9.27 ± 2.29 mV. In the MTT assay, AV-CV-AgNPs maintained high cell viability (> 105%) across concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 1000 µg/mL, whereas AV-AgNPs and CV showed marked cytotoxicity at ≥ 250 µg/mL (≈ 10–12% viability). The scratch assay demonstrated enhanced endothelial migration, with wound closure reaching 78.1 ± 2.2% at 60 µg/mL for AV-CV-AgNPs compared with 69.3 ± 2.8% for AV-AgNPs and 62.3 ± 5.5% for AV alone. VEGF secretion increased from 352 pg/mL in control cells to 475 pg/mL after treatment.

Conclusion

Green-synthesized AV-CV-AgNPs exhibit excellent cytocompatibility and significantly enhance endothelial migration and angiogenic signaling, indicating strong potential for wound healing applications.