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Purpose <p>Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge associated with higher morbidity and mortality.</p> Method <p>We developed cefixime (CFX) loaded diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C)-NPs via the solvent evaporation method and studied the impact of different drying methods. CFX-DEAE-C NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug release, surface morphology, followed by antibacterial testing.</p> Results <p>SEM data revealed that oven-dried (TH) &amp; freeze-dried (TF) NPs showed irregular and rough surface morphology. FTIR data suggested cross-linkage between the drug and DEAE-C polymer at 2000–2500 cm− 1. The particle sizes were 704 nm and 145 nm for TH and TF, with EE of 59% and 72%, respectively. The drug release profiles over 120 h were similar, i.e., bi-phasic. Compared to free CFX and TH, TF exhibited better physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity against resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, TF-NPs exhibited more favorable particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and antibacterial activity against resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria compared to oven-dried TH.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of DEAE-C Loaded Cefixime Nano-Particles Against Resistant Bacterial Strains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Muhammad Tayyub Kazam,
  • Saman Arooj,
  • Mahpara Tabassum,
  • Hamid Saeed,
  • Mehwish Iqtedar,
  • Nadeem Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Islam,
  • Muhammad Fawad Rasool,
  • Muhammad Usama,
  • Aleena Maryam

摘要

Purpose

Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

Method

We developed cefixime (CFX) loaded diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-C)-NPs via the solvent evaporation method and studied the impact of different drying methods. CFX-DEAE-C NPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, drug release, surface morphology, followed by antibacterial testing.

Results

SEM data revealed that oven-dried (TH) & freeze-dried (TF) NPs showed irregular and rough surface morphology. FTIR data suggested cross-linkage between the drug and DEAE-C polymer at 2000–2500 cm− 1. The particle sizes were 704 nm and 145 nm for TH and TF, with EE of 59% and 72%, respectively. The drug release profiles over 120 h were similar, i.e., bi-phasic. Compared to free CFX and TH, TF exhibited better physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity against resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Conclusion

In conclusion, TF-NPs exhibited more favorable particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and antibacterial activity against resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria compared to oven-dried TH.

Graphical Abstract