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Purpose <p>The present study involved the formulation and evaluation of tamoxifen-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (TAM-BSA-NPs) and indocyanine green-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (ICG-BSA-NPs) for breast cancer therapy and imaging.</p> Methods <p>TAM-BSA-NPs were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM, DSC, and XRD. Moreover, in vitro drug release was performed at pH 5.5 for 48 hours, followed by stability of formulations for 90 days at 4 °C. Furthermore, the formulations were evaluated for cytotoxicity and in vivo study were conducted through ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging.</p> Results <p>The prepared nanoparticles exhibited hydrodynamic sizes of 128 to 141 nm with positive zeta potentials (~17 to 18 mV) and spherical, monodispersed morphology. High entrapment efficiencies were achieved for TAM (80.72%) and ICG (70.92%) in the formulation, with DSC and XRD confirming amorphous drug dispersion and improved stability. TAM-BSA-NPs showed pH-responsive release, achieving 90.34% drug release at pH 5.5 over 48 hours, and remained stable for 90 days at 4 °C. Enhanced cytotoxicity was observed in MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀ = 2.565 μg/ml), with minimal hemolysis (&lt;1.6%). In vivo studies demonstrated significant tumor regression, while ICG-BSA-NPs enabled superior tumor localization via photoacoustic imaging.</p> Conclusion <p>The developed TAM-BSA-NPs demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy, pH-responsive sustained release, improved stability, and superior biocompatibility compared to free tamoxifen, leading to significant tumor regression in vivo.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Photoacoustic Visualization of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Breast Tumor by Multi-dosing of Tamoxifen-Loaded Albumin Nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Akshay Kale,
  • Vaishali,
  • Nidhi Verma,
  • Aseem Setia,
  • Nandini Vinodrao Randhave,
  • Komal Rani,
  • Vikas Kumar,
  • Madaswamy S. Muthu

摘要

Purpose

The present study involved the formulation and evaluation of tamoxifen-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (TAM-BSA-NPs) and indocyanine green-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (ICG-BSA-NPs) for breast cancer therapy and imaging.

Methods

TAM-BSA-NPs were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, TEM, DSC, and XRD. Moreover, in vitro drug release was performed at pH 5.5 for 48 hours, followed by stability of formulations for 90 days at 4 °C. Furthermore, the formulations were evaluated for cytotoxicity and in vivo study were conducted through ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging.

Results

The prepared nanoparticles exhibited hydrodynamic sizes of 128 to 141 nm with positive zeta potentials (~17 to 18 mV) and spherical, monodispersed morphology. High entrapment efficiencies were achieved for TAM (80.72%) and ICG (70.92%) in the formulation, with DSC and XRD confirming amorphous drug dispersion and improved stability. TAM-BSA-NPs showed pH-responsive release, achieving 90.34% drug release at pH 5.5 over 48 hours, and remained stable for 90 days at 4 °C. Enhanced cytotoxicity was observed in MCF-7 cells (IC₅₀ = 2.565 μg/ml), with minimal hemolysis (<1.6%). In vivo studies demonstrated significant tumor regression, while ICG-BSA-NPs enabled superior tumor localization via photoacoustic imaging.

Conclusion

The developed TAM-BSA-NPs demonstrated enhanced anticancer efficacy, pH-responsive sustained release, improved stability, and superior biocompatibility compared to free tamoxifen, leading to significant tumor regression in vivo.

Graphical Abstract