Scholarlink

Background <p>The search for new, biocompatible, and antimicrobially active root canal irrigants has led researchers to investigate various natural substances. While the therapeutic potential of Nigella <i>sativa</i> (<i>N. sativa</i>) in endodontics is not widely documented, its promising properties warrant further exploration.</p> Aim <p>To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of 25% aqueous <i>N. sativa</i> seed extract, 25% aqueous Neem leaf extract (<i>Azadirachta Indicia</i>), 3% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) against <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm.</p> Design <p>This <i>in vitro</i> study tested the antibacterial activity of the irrigants against <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm established on the root canal surface. Eighty human premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The canals were cleaned and shaped using a rotary Protaper Universal file up to F3. The samples were divided into five groups (<i>n</i>=15 per group). Teeth were inoculated in <i>E. faecalis</i> broth and incubated for three weeks to allow biofilm formation. Following a saline rinse, the root canals were treated with the test irrigants for 20 minutes. Dentin samples were collected using size 30 H-files and mixed with 10 mL of saline (Master dilution). Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted using the pour plate method.</p> Results <p>All experimental irrigants demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in bacterial count compared to saline control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). 3% NaOCl achieved the maximum bacterial inhibition with a mean CFU count of 1.11 × 10⁵ CFU/mL (log CFU/mL: 5.05), followed closely by 25% aqueous N. sativa extract (1.23 × 10⁵ CFU/mL; log CFU/mL: 5.09), with no statistically significant difference between these two groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). 2% CHX exhibited the highest mean bacterial count among the active irrigant groups (87.93 × 10⁵ CFU/mL; log CFU/mL: 6.94).</p> Conclusion <p>3% NaOCl achieved the maximum bacterial inhibition against 21-day-old <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilm. 25% aqueous N. sativa extract demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to 3% NaOCl and showed statistically superior performance compared to 2% CHX, supporting its potential as a biocompatible herbal alternative in endodontic irrigation. The null hypothesis was rejected for comparisons involving 2% CHX versus herbal extracts but could not be rejected for the comparison between 3% NaOCl and 25% N. sativa extract.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Effectiveness of 3% Sodium Hypochlorite, 2% Chlorhexidine, 25% Aqueous Neem Leaf Extract, and 25% Aqueous Nigella Sativa Extract against E. faecalis – an in Vitro Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

查看全文
  • Vignesh Guptha Raju,
  • Shafie Ahamed A,
  • Madhuram Krishnamurthy,
  • Selvendran K.E,
  • Arjun Thomas,
  • Deebiga Karunakaran

摘要

Background

The search for new, biocompatible, and antimicrobially active root canal irrigants has led researchers to investigate various natural substances. While the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) in endodontics is not widely documented, its promising properties warrant further exploration.

Aim

To evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of 25% aqueous N. sativa seed extract, 25% aqueous Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta Indicia), 3% Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis biofilm.

Design

This in vitro study tested the antibacterial activity of the irrigants against E. faecalis biofilm established on the root canal surface. Eighty human premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The canals were cleaned and shaped using a rotary Protaper Universal file up to F3. The samples were divided into five groups (n=15 per group). Teeth were inoculated in E. faecalis broth and incubated for three weeks to allow biofilm formation. Following a saline rinse, the root canals were treated with the test irrigants for 20 minutes. Dentin samples were collected using size 30 H-files and mixed with 10 mL of saline (Master dilution). Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted using the pour plate method.

Results

All experimental irrigants demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in bacterial count compared to saline control (p < 0.001). 3% NaOCl achieved the maximum bacterial inhibition with a mean CFU count of 1.11 × 10⁵ CFU/mL (log CFU/mL: 5.05), followed closely by 25% aqueous N. sativa extract (1.23 × 10⁵ CFU/mL; log CFU/mL: 5.09), with no statistically significant difference between these two groups (p > 0.05). 2% CHX exhibited the highest mean bacterial count among the active irrigant groups (87.93 × 10⁵ CFU/mL; log CFU/mL: 6.94).

Conclusion

3% NaOCl achieved the maximum bacterial inhibition against 21-day-old E. faecalis biofilm. 25% aqueous N. sativa extract demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to 3% NaOCl and showed statistically superior performance compared to 2% CHX, supporting its potential as a biocompatible herbal alternative in endodontic irrigation. The null hypothesis was rejected for comparisons involving 2% CHX versus herbal extracts but could not be rejected for the comparison between 3% NaOCl and 25% N. sativa extract.