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Purpose <p>To develop a scalable electrospun nanofiber drug delivery system (DDS) for the topical administration of <i>Scrophularia striata</i> extract, overcoming formulation challenges associated with polymer immiscibility and natural product processing.</p> Methods <p>Homogeneous polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA) nanofibers loaded with <i>S. striata</i> extract (3–26% w/w) were fabricated via a single-syringe electrospinning technique. The formulation was characterized (FESEM, FTIR, contact angle, and mechanical testing). In-vitro drug release, antibacterial activity (disk diffusion, broth microdilution against imipenem-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i>), and hemocompatibility were evaluated.</p> Results <p>The extract acted as a compatibilizer, yielding uniform fibers (266.46 ± 46.98&#xa0;nm). FTIR confirmed API-polymer integration. A biphasic release profile was observed. The 26%-loaded DDS showed potent antibacterial activity (inhibition zones: 11–18&#xa0;mm) and a nanofiber MIC of 6%. All formulations were non-hemolytic (&lt; 2% hemolysis).</p> Conclusion <p>The <i>S. striata</i> extract successfully functioned as both an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a processing aid, enabling a simplified manufacturing process for an effective antimicrobial nanofiber DDS with potential for topical application.</p>

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A Single-Syringe Electrospun PCL/PVA Nanofiber Drug Delivery System Loaded with Scrophularia striata Extract for Topical Antimicrobial Application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh,
  • Forozan Chamani,
  • Zahra Farshadzadeh,
  • Mehdi Safdarian

摘要

Purpose

To develop a scalable electrospun nanofiber drug delivery system (DDS) for the topical administration of Scrophularia striata extract, overcoming formulation challenges associated with polymer immiscibility and natural product processing.

Methods

Homogeneous polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol (PCL/PVA) nanofibers loaded with S. striata extract (3–26% w/w) were fabricated via a single-syringe electrospinning technique. The formulation was characterized (FESEM, FTIR, contact angle, and mechanical testing). In-vitro drug release, antibacterial activity (disk diffusion, broth microdilution against imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa), and hemocompatibility were evaluated.

Results

The extract acted as a compatibilizer, yielding uniform fibers (266.46 ± 46.98 nm). FTIR confirmed API-polymer integration. A biphasic release profile was observed. The 26%-loaded DDS showed potent antibacterial activity (inhibition zones: 11–18 mm) and a nanofiber MIC of 6%. All formulations were non-hemolytic (< 2% hemolysis).

Conclusion

The S. striata extract successfully functioned as both an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a processing aid, enabling a simplified manufacturing process for an effective antimicrobial nanofiber DDS with potential for topical application.