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Background <p>Migraine is a persistent neuroinflammatory disease that is typified by nociceptive hypersensitization and neurobehavioral issues. Phytol is a diterpene alcohol synthesized from chlorophyll with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, yet the antimigraine action has not been thoroughly studied.</p> Objective <p>To assess the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neurobehavioral, and safety profile of phytol in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine model in mice.</p> Methods <p>NTG (5&#xa0;mg/mL, i.p.) induced migraine. Phytol was administered intraperitoneally at 100 and 200&#xa0;mg/kg for 14 days. A hot plate (53 ± 1&#xa0;°C ) and a cold plate (4 ± 1&#xa0;°C) were used in order to test thermal nociception. The assessment of inflammation was done through paw edema with formalin. Open field tests, elevated plus mazes, forced swim tests, sucrose preference, and Morris water mazes were used to assess the behaviors related to anxiety, depression, and cognition. Western blotting was used to measure the brain TNF-α. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were done. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Results <p>NTG significantly decreased nociceptive latency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and increased TNF-α expression. Phytol (200&#xa0;mg/kg) had considerable effects on thermal latency (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01); paw edema and the expression of TNF-α were significantly reduced and approached control levels. There were neurobehavioral deficits that were reversed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). There was no histopathological abnormality, and hematological and biochemical parameters were in the physiological range.</p> Conclusion <p>Phytol demonstrates dose-dependent anti-migraine efficacy with a favorable safety profile, supporting its potential as a multi-target therapeutic agent.</p>

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Innovative Assessment of Phytol’s Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential in a Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Sedhu Raagavan Sarkgunan,
  • Chitra Vellapandian

摘要

Background

Migraine is a persistent neuroinflammatory disease that is typified by nociceptive hypersensitization and neurobehavioral issues. Phytol is a diterpene alcohol synthesized from chlorophyll with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, yet the antimigraine action has not been thoroughly studied.

Objective

To assess the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neurobehavioral, and safety profile of phytol in a nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine model in mice.

Methods

NTG (5 mg/mL, i.p.) induced migraine. Phytol was administered intraperitoneally at 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days. A hot plate (53 ± 1 °C ) and a cold plate (4 ± 1 °C) were used in order to test thermal nociception. The assessment of inflammation was done through paw edema with formalin. Open field tests, elevated plus mazes, forced swim tests, sucrose preference, and Morris water mazes were used to assess the behaviors related to anxiety, depression, and cognition. Western blotting was used to measure the brain TNF-α. Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses were done. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).

Results

NTG significantly decreased nociceptive latency (p < 0.001) and increased TNF-α expression. Phytol (200 mg/kg) had considerable effects on thermal latency (p < 0.01); paw edema and the expression of TNF-α were significantly reduced and approached control levels. There were neurobehavioral deficits that were reversed significantly (p < 0.01). There was no histopathological abnormality, and hematological and biochemical parameters were in the physiological range.

Conclusion

Phytol demonstrates dose-dependent anti-migraine efficacy with a favorable safety profile, supporting its potential as a multi-target therapeutic agent.