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Introduction <p>Essential oils (EOs), complex mixtures of bioactive compounds derived from plant materials, have gained significant attention for their diverse biological properties and applications in industries such as food, aromatherapy, and medicine.</p> Objectives <p>In this study, the essential oil extracted from <i>Piper betle</i> leaves through steam distillation was analyzed for its chemical composition and antimicrobial activity.</p> Results <p>Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified at least ten major compounds, while Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups, including O-H, N-H, C = O, C-H, C-O, and CH = CH. The antimicrobial activity of <i>Piper betle</i> leaf EO (PLEO) was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method, demonstrating significant, dose-dependent inhibitory effects against bacterial species such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> as well as fungal species such as <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>, <i>Penicillium sp</i>, and <i>Fusarium sp</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings highlight the potential therapeutic applications of <i>Piper betle</i> leaf EO. Further research focusing on species-specific mechanisms of action, including the isolation and characterization of individual bioactive compounds responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity, may advance its role in addressing microbial resistance and expanding its applications across various fields.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Evaluation of the Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil from Piper betle L.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Parthiban Janani,
  • Alagiri Anju,
  • Ashok Anjana,
  • Dinesh Babu R,
  • Velayutham Meiyalagan

摘要

Introduction

Essential oils (EOs), complex mixtures of bioactive compounds derived from plant materials, have gained significant attention for their diverse biological properties and applications in industries such as food, aromatherapy, and medicine.

Objectives

In this study, the essential oil extracted from Piper betle leaves through steam distillation was analyzed for its chemical composition and antimicrobial activity.

Results

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified at least ten major compounds, while Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups, including O-H, N-H, C = O, C-H, C-O, and CH = CH. The antimicrobial activity of Piper betle leaf EO (PLEO) was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method, demonstrating significant, dose-dependent inhibitory effects against bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes as well as fungal species such as Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus nidulans, Penicillium sp, and Fusarium sp.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the potential therapeutic applications of Piper betle leaf EO. Further research focusing on species-specific mechanisms of action, including the isolation and characterization of individual bioactive compounds responsible for the observed antimicrobial activity, may advance its role in addressing microbial resistance and expanding its applications across various fields.

Graphical abstract