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Purpose <p>This study aimed to synthesize zinc/copper nanoparticles (Zn/CuNPs) using <i>Mentha piperita</i> (peppermint) aqueous extract and to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma properties.</p> Method <p>Zn/CuNPs were green-formulated with peppermint extract and characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, and FT-IR. Antioxidant activity was measured via the DPPH assay, while anticancer effects were tested against NPC43 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines using MTT and colony formation assays.&#xa0;Molecular pathway analysis was conducted to assess apoptotic and signaling markers.</p> Results <p>The nanoparticles exhibited semi-spherical&#xa0;morphology with an average size of 76.13 nm and crystalline structure confirmed by XRD. Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint exhibited considerable&#xa0;antioxidant activity with a favorable IC50 value. In NPC43 cells, they induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, which was followed&#xa0;by the overexpression of pro-apoptotic markers Bax and cleaved caspase-8 and the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Colony&#xa0;formation was inhibited, and molecular analysis revealed suppression of phosphorylated and total STAT3, alongside increased p53 expression.</p> Conclusion <p>Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint demonstrated potent antioxidant and anticancer activities. Their mechanism of action appears to involve&#xa0;apoptosis induction and regulation of STAT3 and p53 signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of biologically&#xa0;synthesized Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment.</p>

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Zinc/copper Bi-metallic Nanoparticles Containing Mentha piperita Extract Induce Apoptosis via P53 and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathways in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Chunhua Guo,
  • Zongping Wang

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to synthesize zinc/copper nanoparticles (Zn/CuNPs) using Mentha piperita (peppermint) aqueous extract and to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma properties.

Method

Zn/CuNPs were green-formulated with peppermint extract and characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, and FT-IR. Antioxidant activity was measured via the DPPH assay, while anticancer effects were tested against NPC43 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines using MTT and colony formation assays. Molecular pathway analysis was conducted to assess apoptotic and signaling markers.

Results

The nanoparticles exhibited semi-spherical morphology with an average size of 76.13 nm and crystalline structure confirmed by XRD. Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint exhibited considerable antioxidant activity with a favorable IC50 value. In NPC43 cells, they induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, which was followed by the overexpression of pro-apoptotic markers Bax and cleaved caspase-8 and the downregulation of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Colony formation was inhibited, and molecular analysis revealed suppression of phosphorylated and total STAT3, alongside increased p53 expression.

Conclusion

Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint demonstrated potent antioxidant and anticancer activities. Their mechanism of action appears to involve apoptosis induction and regulation of STAT3 and p53 signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of biologically synthesized Zn/CuNPs@Peppermint in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment.