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Background and Aim <p>Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by different <i>Brucella</i> species which is a highly contagious infection that causes severe symptoms like fever, joint and muscle pain, neurological complications and many others that significantly affect quality of life. The associated symptoms will usually cause life discomfort for infected patients. In addition, brucellosis is a worldwide recognized major zoonotic disease that still present in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this research is to evaluate the physical characteristic and the biological activity of ciprofloxacin-loaded with niosomes and compared them with the previously studied silica and silver nanoparticles for the possible improvement in drug potency and for lowering side effects.</p> Materials and methods <p>Silica, silver, and niosome nanoparticles were formulated as empty or loaded with ciprofloxacin and evaluated for their characteristics and activity. Ciprofloxacin loading efficiency, optical absorption, particles size and size distribution were measured. Moreover, cytotoxicity, minimum inhibitory, and hemolysis assays were done to determine the potency of nanoparticles-loaded with ciprofloxacin and to assess the possible side effects associated with the use of these nano-delivery systems. Cost analysis was performed by using cost of raw material for 14 local laboratories equipment market.</p> Results <p>Silica nanoparticles and nano-delivery system had better physical characteristic with a diameter of 80 and 113&#xa0;nm, polydispersity index of 0.41 and 0.43 and with a higher zeta potential greater than 30mv respectively when compared to silver nanoparticles. All three nanoparticle systems improved the biological activity with MIC values of 0.046, 0.039 and 0.042&#xa0;µg/ml for silver, niosome, and silica nanoparticles respectively with a concentration range between 25 and 1000&#xa0;µg/ml compared to 0.72&#xa0;µg/ml for free ciprofloxacin. Niosomes nano-delivery system had no effect on red blood cells haemolysis. Other nanoparticle systems had a measurable effect on red blood cells hemolysis. Finally, the cost of niosome formulation (17$) was much lower than silica nanoparticle (31$) and silver nanoparticles (74$) per 100&#xa0;mg of loaded ciprofloxacin.</p> Conclusion <p>Niosome nano-delivery system may be used as a safer and more cost-effective alternative to metallic nanoparticles with a comparable biological activity, lower toxicity, and a lower cost.</p>

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Formulation, Characterisation, and Anti-microbial Activity Evaluation of Various Ciprofloxacin Loaded Nanoparticles against Brucella Melitensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Saif Aldeen Jaber,
  • Qamar Abuhassan,
  • Mohammad A. Obeid

摘要

Background and Aim

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by different Brucella species which is a highly contagious infection that causes severe symptoms like fever, joint and muscle pain, neurological complications and many others that significantly affect quality of life. The associated symptoms will usually cause life discomfort for infected patients. In addition, brucellosis is a worldwide recognized major zoonotic disease that still present in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this research is to evaluate the physical characteristic and the biological activity of ciprofloxacin-loaded with niosomes and compared them with the previously studied silica and silver nanoparticles for the possible improvement in drug potency and for lowering side effects.

Materials and methods

Silica, silver, and niosome nanoparticles were formulated as empty or loaded with ciprofloxacin and evaluated for their characteristics and activity. Ciprofloxacin loading efficiency, optical absorption, particles size and size distribution were measured. Moreover, cytotoxicity, minimum inhibitory, and hemolysis assays were done to determine the potency of nanoparticles-loaded with ciprofloxacin and to assess the possible side effects associated with the use of these nano-delivery systems. Cost analysis was performed by using cost of raw material for 14 local laboratories equipment market.

Results

Silica nanoparticles and nano-delivery system had better physical characteristic with a diameter of 80 and 113 nm, polydispersity index of 0.41 and 0.43 and with a higher zeta potential greater than 30mv respectively when compared to silver nanoparticles. All three nanoparticle systems improved the biological activity with MIC values of 0.046, 0.039 and 0.042 µg/ml for silver, niosome, and silica nanoparticles respectively with a concentration range between 25 and 1000 µg/ml compared to 0.72 µg/ml for free ciprofloxacin. Niosomes nano-delivery system had no effect on red blood cells haemolysis. Other nanoparticle systems had a measurable effect on red blood cells hemolysis. Finally, the cost of niosome formulation (17$) was much lower than silica nanoparticle (31$) and silver nanoparticles (74$) per 100 mg of loaded ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion

Niosome nano-delivery system may be used as a safer and more cost-effective alternative to metallic nanoparticles with a comparable biological activity, lower toxicity, and a lower cost.