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Background <p>Although preclinical research indicates that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have promising anti-tumor effects against bladder cancer, they are still in the experimental stage and have not yet been licensed as a clinical treatment.</p> Objective <p>In this work, we describe the environmentally friendly production of tiny, stable, and nontoxic silver nanoparticles utilizing an aqueous extract from the leaves of Garcinia mangostana to treat bladder cancer. </p> Methods <p>The synthesized AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were analyzed using sophisticated physicochemical techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, EDX, TEM, and XRD techniques.</p> Results <p>It has been determined that AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana possess a spherical morphology with an average diameter ranging from 30 to 40 nm. The cells treated with AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were evaluated using the MTT assay over a period of 72 h to determine their anti-human bladder cancer properties and cytotoxic effects on normal urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) as well as various human bladder cancer cell lines, including bladder carcinoma (Grade 3, carcinoma (HT-1376), Grade IV, transitional cell carcinoma (TCCSUP), squamous cell carcinoma (SCaBER), and transitional cell carcinoma (UM-UC-3)). The IC50 values for AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were 29, 40, 50, and 30 μg/mL when tested against the TCCSUP, HT-1376, UM-UC-3, and SCaBER cell lines, respectively. The viability of human bladder cell lines decreased in a dose-dependent manner when exposed to AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana. The IC50 value for AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana was 51 μg/mL when tested against the DPPH radicals. Following further in vivo studies and clinical trial research in human, AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana can be employed as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of bladder cancer.</p> Conclusion <p>It has been demonstrated that AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana affect bladder cancer cell viability. The findings indicate that the IC50 values, or AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana values, at which 50% of the TCCSUP, HT-1376, UM-UC-3, and SCaBER is affected is 29, 40, 50, and 30 μg/ml. It demonstrated exceptional effectiveness against tumor cells with the signaling pathway regulation without causing any substantial harm to SV-HUC-1.</p>

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Design and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Green Formulated by Garcinia Mangostana Leaf Aqueous Extract: Its Performance in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer as a Potential/promising Anticancer Agent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Runhe Zhu,
  • Shurong Li,
  • Jinglu Bai,
  • Dongye Li,
  • Baiwen Yan,
  • Lin Lu,
  • Zhijun Guo

摘要

Background

Although preclinical research indicates that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have promising anti-tumor effects against bladder cancer, they are still in the experimental stage and have not yet been licensed as a clinical treatment.

Objective

In this work, we describe the environmentally friendly production of tiny, stable, and nontoxic silver nanoparticles utilizing an aqueous extract from the leaves of Garcinia mangostana to treat bladder cancer.

Methods

The synthesized AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were analyzed using sophisticated physicochemical techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, EDX, TEM, and XRD techniques.

Results

It has been determined that AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana possess a spherical morphology with an average diameter ranging from 30 to 40 nm. The cells treated with AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were evaluated using the MTT assay over a period of 72 h to determine their anti-human bladder cancer properties and cytotoxic effects on normal urothelial cells (SV-HUC-1) as well as various human bladder cancer cell lines, including bladder carcinoma (Grade 3, carcinoma (HT-1376), Grade IV, transitional cell carcinoma (TCCSUP), squamous cell carcinoma (SCaBER), and transitional cell carcinoma (UM-UC-3)). The IC50 values for AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana were 29, 40, 50, and 30 μg/mL when tested against the TCCSUP, HT-1376, UM-UC-3, and SCaBER cell lines, respectively. The viability of human bladder cell lines decreased in a dose-dependent manner when exposed to AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana. The IC50 value for AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana was 51 μg/mL when tested against the DPPH radicals. Following further in vivo studies and clinical trial research in human, AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana can be employed as an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Conclusion

It has been demonstrated that AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana affect bladder cancer cell viability. The findings indicate that the IC50 values, or AgNPs/Garcinia mangostana values, at which 50% of the TCCSUP, HT-1376, UM-UC-3, and SCaBER is affected is 29, 40, 50, and 30 μg/ml. It demonstrated exceptional effectiveness against tumor cells with the signaling pathway regulation without causing any substantial harm to SV-HUC-1.