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Purpose <p> cute wounds are driven by persistent oxidative stress and impaired tissue regeneration. Glutathione (GLU), a key antioxidant, offers therapeutic potential but faces instability and poor dermal penetration.</p> Methods <p> A nanogel delivery system combining GLU–acacia complex in an alginate matrix was developed using ionic gelation. Physicochemical properties, <i>in vitro</i> release, and long-term stability were assessed. Wistar rats with full-thickness wounds were treated for 14 days, and healing biomarkers were quantified.&#xa0;</p> Results <p> The nanogel exhibited 99.6 nm particle size, −33.0 mV zeta potential, 91.6% entrapment efficiency, and sustained GLU release (87% at 24h). Wound closure reached 94.3%, significantly outperforming controls (p &lt; 0.001). VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I were upregulated; IL-6 showed controlled elevation.&#xa0;</p> Conclusion <p> The novel glutathione–acacia–alginate nanogel with redox-modulating properties offers a stable, redox-active system that enhances wound healing via sustained antioxidant delivery and biomarker-guided regeneration.&#xa0;</p> Graphical Abstract <p> This graphical abstract illustrates the development and therapeutic mechanism of a redox-modulating nanogel designed for acute wound healing. The formulation involves the complexation of glutathione (GLU) with acacia (ACC), enhancing its redox stability and loading capacity. This GLU–ACC complex is encapsulated within a sodium alginate (SA) matrix, forming a biocompatible nanogel suitable for dermal application.</p> <p> Upon topical application to a acute wound, the nanogel facilitates targeted antioxidant delivery, promoting tissue regeneration. The therapeutic cascade includes a significant upregulation of VEGF and TGF-β₁, markers of angiogenesis and tissue remodelling, alongside an increase in IL-6, indicating an acute phase response. These biomolecular effects contribute to accelerated wound closure and enhanced healing outcomes.</p> <p> The illustration highlights the nanogel’s multi-level action; from molecular stabilisation and encapsulation to biomarker modulation at the wound site, supporting its potential as an advanced platform for oxidative wound management.</p> <p></p>

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Redox-Modulating Nanogel for Acute Wound Therapy: Glutathione–Acacia Complex in an Alginate Matrix for Targeted Antioxidant Delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Samaa Abdullah,
  • Samar Thiab,
  • Alaa A. Al-Masud,
  • Meshal Marzoog Al-Sharafa,
  • Abeer A. Altamimi

摘要

Purpose

cute wounds are driven by persistent oxidative stress and impaired tissue regeneration. Glutathione (GLU), a key antioxidant, offers therapeutic potential but faces instability and poor dermal penetration.

Methods

A nanogel delivery system combining GLU–acacia complex in an alginate matrix was developed using ionic gelation. Physicochemical properties, in vitro release, and long-term stability were assessed. Wistar rats with full-thickness wounds were treated for 14 days, and healing biomarkers were quantified. 

Results

The nanogel exhibited 99.6 nm particle size, −33.0 mV zeta potential, 91.6% entrapment efficiency, and sustained GLU release (87% at 24h). Wound closure reached 94.3%, significantly outperforming controls (p < 0.001). VEGF, TGF-β1, and collagen I were upregulated; IL-6 showed controlled elevation. 

Conclusion

The novel glutathione–acacia–alginate nanogel with redox-modulating properties offers a stable, redox-active system that enhances wound healing via sustained antioxidant delivery and biomarker-guided regeneration. 

Graphical Abstract

This graphical abstract illustrates the development and therapeutic mechanism of a redox-modulating nanogel designed for acute wound healing. The formulation involves the complexation of glutathione (GLU) with acacia (ACC), enhancing its redox stability and loading capacity. This GLU–ACC complex is encapsulated within a sodium alginate (SA) matrix, forming a biocompatible nanogel suitable for dermal application.

Upon topical application to a acute wound, the nanogel facilitates targeted antioxidant delivery, promoting tissue regeneration. The therapeutic cascade includes a significant upregulation of VEGF and TGF-β₁, markers of angiogenesis and tissue remodelling, alongside an increase in IL-6, indicating an acute phase response. These biomolecular effects contribute to accelerated wound closure and enhanced healing outcomes.

The illustration highlights the nanogel’s multi-level action; from molecular stabilisation and encapsulation to biomarker modulation at the wound site, supporting its potential as an advanced platform for oxidative wound management.