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<p>A novel series of 1,8-naphthyridine–thiazolidinone hybrid derivatives, namely (Z)-2-(5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles (6a–6f), was successfully synthesized via a multistep synthetic approach. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the derivatives was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>), Gram-negative bacteria (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>), and selected fungal strains (<i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i>). Several compounds exhibited noteworthy antibacterial and antifungal activity, with derivatives 6b and 6c showing superior performance compared to the reference standards. In silico ADME and drug-likeness evaluation indicated that all synthesized compounds comply with Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results demonstrate the potential of these 1,8-naphthyridine–thiazolidinone hybrids as promising candidates for further antimicrobial drug development.</p>

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Development of a Novel 1,8-Naphthyridine–Thiazolidinone Derivative: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Antimicrobial Profiling, and ADME Prediction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Shweta A. Patel

摘要

A novel series of 1,8-naphthyridine–thiazolidinone hybrid derivatives, namely (Z)-2-(5-benzylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitriles (6a–6f), was successfully synthesized via a multistep synthetic approach. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of the derivatives was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and selected fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani). Several compounds exhibited noteworthy antibacterial and antifungal activity, with derivatives 6b and 6c showing superior performance compared to the reference standards. In silico ADME and drug-likeness evaluation indicated that all synthesized compounds comply with Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics. The results demonstrate the potential of these 1,8-naphthyridine–thiazolidinone hybrids as promising candidates for further antimicrobial drug development.