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Abstract <p>The objective of current study encompasses to evaluate the phytochemical composition of hexane extract (IRK-H) from the flowers of <i>Iris kashmiriana</i> and to investigate its antioxidant, anticancer and genoprotective properties. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Orbitrap high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HRLCMS-QTOFS) and FTIR were employed for phytochemical analysis. DPPH, SARS, ABTS and TAC assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential, alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity cum antigenotoxicity evaluation, and MTT assay for cytotoxicity studies of IRK-H extract. Moderate phenolic (21.23 ± 1.43&#xa0;mg GAE/g dw) and flavonoid contents (17.34 + 2.75&#xa0;mg RE/g dw) were observed in IRK-H extract. Weak antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals was observed in antioxidant assays (in vitro) with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 259.89&#xa0;µg/mL (DPPH), 218.10&#xa0;µg/mL (ABTS), and 225.08&#xa0;µg/mL (SARS), respectively. DNA protecting activity (%TDNA-18.23%) of IRK-H extract was significant at higher concentration (320&#xa0;µg/mL) against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes (%TDNA-35.08%). Dose dependent cytotoxicity against lung cancer (A-549), glioblastoma cancer (LN-18), colon cancer (HCT-116), larynx cancer (Hep-2&#xa0;C) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines were observed with the promising selective cytotoxic activity in Hep-2&#xa0;C cancer cell line having GI<sub>50</sub> value of 33.69&#xa0;µg/mL, followed by HeLa with GI<sub>50</sub> value of 95.10&#xa0;µg/ mL, respectively. DAPI, rhodamine-123 and propidium iodide staining validated induction of apoptosis in Hep-2&#xa0;C cancer cells through the assessment of altered nuclei, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and dead cells. GCMS and HRLCMS investigation of IRK-H extract showed the presence of diverse and rich classes of phytochemicals like phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and alkaloids. These findings highlight <i>I. kashmiriana </i>flower extract as a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals with selective anticancer and genoprotective potential, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo investigations for therapeutic development.</p>

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Non Polar Fraction from Iris kashmiriana Selectively Inhibit Hep-2 C Cancer Cell Proliferation; Insights from GCMS and HRLCMS-QTOFS Profiling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Chandni Garg,
  • Sheikh Showkat Ahmad,
  • Ibrah Bashir,
  • Rizwan Wahab,
  • Ayan Farooq,
  • Aashaq Hussain Bhat,
  • Owias Iqbal Dar,
  • Satwinderjeet Kaur

摘要

Abstract

The objective of current study encompasses to evaluate the phytochemical composition of hexane extract (IRK-H) from the flowers of Iris kashmiriana and to investigate its antioxidant, anticancer and genoprotective properties. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Orbitrap high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (HRLCMS-QTOFS) and FTIR were employed for phytochemical analysis. DPPH, SARS, ABTS and TAC assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant potential, alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity cum antigenotoxicity evaluation, and MTT assay for cytotoxicity studies of IRK-H extract. Moderate phenolic (21.23 ± 1.43 mg GAE/g dw) and flavonoid contents (17.34 + 2.75 mg RE/g dw) were observed in IRK-H extract. Weak antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals was observed in antioxidant assays (in vitro) with IC50 values of 259.89 µg/mL (DPPH), 218.10 µg/mL (ABTS), and 225.08 µg/mL (SARS), respectively. DNA protecting activity (%TDNA-18.23%) of IRK-H extract was significant at higher concentration (320 µg/mL) against H2O2 induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes (%TDNA-35.08%). Dose dependent cytotoxicity against lung cancer (A-549), glioblastoma cancer (LN-18), colon cancer (HCT-116), larynx cancer (Hep-2 C) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines were observed with the promising selective cytotoxic activity in Hep-2 C cancer cell line having GI50 value of 33.69 µg/mL, followed by HeLa with GI50 value of 95.10 µg/ mL, respectively. DAPI, rhodamine-123 and propidium iodide staining validated induction of apoptosis in Hep-2 C cancer cells through the assessment of altered nuclei, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and dead cells. GCMS and HRLCMS investigation of IRK-H extract showed the presence of diverse and rich classes of phytochemicals like phenols, triterpenoids, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and alkaloids. These findings highlight I. kashmiriana flower extract as a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals with selective anticancer and genoprotective potential, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo investigations for therapeutic development.