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Purpose <p>The study aimed to develop and optimize mupirocin-loaded hydrogel films for topical delivery, targeting improved swelling, drug release, and antimicrobial performance against bacterial skin infections.</p> Methods <p>Hydrogel films were prepared using chitosan as the polymer and citric acid as the crosslinker. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to vary polymer and crosslinker concentrations to optimize formulation parameters systematically. The optimized batch (MHF14) was evaluated for gel fraction, swelling capacity, in vitro drug release, ex vivo skin diffusion, morphological characteristics, and physicochemical compatibility, like ATR-FTIR and DSC. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.</p> Results <p>The optimized formulation (MHF14) demonstrated a gel fraction of 71.44%, indicating efficient crosslinking, an outstanding swelling capacity of 806.2%, and preferential drug diffusion. In vitro release studies showed a cumulative drug release of 98.28 ± 5.19% within 8&#xa0;h, while ex vivo diffusion across excised skin achieved 98.77 ± 3.18% within 6&#xa0;h, highlighting rapid permeation through the lipid-protein matrix. SEM images revealed dense, crosslinked fibrillar networks, while ATR-FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed drug incorporation without any chemical interaction. Antimicrobial studies established strong bactericidal activity against both S. aureus and E. coli.</p> Conclusion <p>The RSM-optimized mupirocin-loaded hydrogel films demonstrated excellent swelling, drug release, enhanced skin permeation, and potent antimicrobial efficacy. These findings support their potential as a promising biocompatible platform for effective topical treatment of bacterial skin infections.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Next-Generation Mupirocin Hydrogel Dressings for Superior Antimicrobial Action

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Digant Mirikar,
  • Sarika Wairkar

摘要

Purpose

The study aimed to develop and optimize mupirocin-loaded hydrogel films for topical delivery, targeting improved swelling, drug release, and antimicrobial performance against bacterial skin infections.

Methods

Hydrogel films were prepared using chitosan as the polymer and citric acid as the crosslinker. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to vary polymer and crosslinker concentrations to optimize formulation parameters systematically. The optimized batch (MHF14) was evaluated for gel fraction, swelling capacity, in vitro drug release, ex vivo skin diffusion, morphological characteristics, and physicochemical compatibility, like ATR-FTIR and DSC. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Results

The optimized formulation (MHF14) demonstrated a gel fraction of 71.44%, indicating efficient crosslinking, an outstanding swelling capacity of 806.2%, and preferential drug diffusion. In vitro release studies showed a cumulative drug release of 98.28 ± 5.19% within 8 h, while ex vivo diffusion across excised skin achieved 98.77 ± 3.18% within 6 h, highlighting rapid permeation through the lipid-protein matrix. SEM images revealed dense, crosslinked fibrillar networks, while ATR-FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed drug incorporation without any chemical interaction. Antimicrobial studies established strong bactericidal activity against both S. aureus and E. coli.

Conclusion

The RSM-optimized mupirocin-loaded hydrogel films demonstrated excellent swelling, drug release, enhanced skin permeation, and potent antimicrobial efficacy. These findings support their potential as a promising biocompatible platform for effective topical treatment of bacterial skin infections.

Graphical Abstract