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Purpose <p>This study compared the phytochemical and antioxidant profiles of argan kernel oil (AMO) and argan leaf extract (EEL) from the Stidia region of Algeria to characterize and evaluate the lesser-studied bioactive compounds of argan leaves.</p> Methods <p>Standard colorimetric assays measured total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Chemical profiles of the two extracts were performed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using four assays: FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC).</p> Results <p>GC-MS identified oleic acid (45.16%) and linoleic acid (32.59%) as predominant in AMO, whereas the leaf extract was rich in quinic acid (42.32%). EEL contained significantly higher concentrations of total polyphenols (193.48 ± 13.96&#xa0;mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (445.88 ± 5.20&#xa0;mg QE/g DW) compared to the oil. AMO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (0.200 ± 0.04&#xa0;mg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assay (0.070 ± 0.02&#xa0;mg/mL). In contrast, EEL showed stronger free radical scavenging (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.084 ± 0.03&#xa0;mg/mL) and higher total TAC (IC<sub>50</sub>: EEL 0.018 ± 0.02&#xa0;mg/mL).</p> Conclusion <p>These findings reveal distinct bioactive profiles, highlighting that EEL is a better source of phenolics, flavonoids, and quinic acid with strong radical scavenging activity, while AMO demonstrates greater potential against lipid oxidation. This comparative investigation gives new evidence for the distinct benefits of argan leaves and oil in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. However, based on the foundational in vitro nature of the antioxidant assays, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to fully validate the therapeutic potential of these extracts.</p>

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Comparative Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Argania spinosa Oil and Leaf Extracts from the Algerian Coastal Region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Samia Chabane Chaouch,
  • Fatima Zohra Chenni,
  • Amira Ghislaine Dra,
  • Badra Bensabeur,
  • Farouk Boudou,
  • Samira Meziani

摘要

Purpose

This study compared the phytochemical and antioxidant profiles of argan kernel oil (AMO) and argan leaf extract (EEL) from the Stidia region of Algeria to characterize and evaluate the lesser-studied bioactive compounds of argan leaves.

Methods

Standard colorimetric assays measured total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Chemical profiles of the two extracts were performed using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using four assays: FRAP, DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC).

Results

GC-MS identified oleic acid (45.16%) and linoleic acid (32.59%) as predominant in AMO, whereas the leaf extract was rich in quinic acid (42.32%). EEL contained significantly higher concentrations of total polyphenols (193.48 ± 13.96 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (445.88 ± 5.20 mg QE/g DW) compared to the oil. AMO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (0.200 ± 0.04 mg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assay (0.070 ± 0.02 mg/mL). In contrast, EEL showed stronger free radical scavenging (IC50: 0.084 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and higher total TAC (IC50: EEL 0.018 ± 0.02 mg/mL).

Conclusion

These findings reveal distinct bioactive profiles, highlighting that EEL is a better source of phenolics, flavonoids, and quinic acid with strong radical scavenging activity, while AMO demonstrates greater potential against lipid oxidation. This comparative investigation gives new evidence for the distinct benefits of argan leaves and oil in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. However, based on the foundational in vitro nature of the antioxidant assays, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to fully validate the therapeutic potential of these extracts.