Background Anthemis cotula L. is an alien invasive weed consider allergic but traditionally reported with a single use in the form paste for psoriasis treatment. Objective In this context, it was the first time to explore A. cotula flowers extracts for its combined potential phytochemicals and biological activities. Methodology Therefore, the solvent-based extracts of flower samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for phytochemical profile, followed by biological attributes including antimicrobial, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Results The GC-MS analysis revealed the most important and frequent AFE-7, AFE-10, AFE-14, AFE-15, AFM-1, AFM-4, AFM-5, AFM-6, AFC-10, AFC-13, AFC-15 and AFC-16 encoded phyto-constituents with biological properties observed in ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform fractions. Similarly, the EDX analysis revealed the concentration order of elements i.e. Carbon (C) > Oxygen (O) > Nitrogen (N) > Silicon (Si) > Potassium (K) > Aluminium (Al) > Calcium (Ca) > Iron (Fe) > Chlorine (Cl) > Magnesium (Mg) > Sodium (Na) > Phosphorus (P) > Sulphur (S) for the samples. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ACFEE exhibited a dose-dependent maximum inhibition of 21.67 ± 1.25 mm against E. coli, followed by significant Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 0.99 ± 0.60 µg/ml & 1.12 ± 0.38 µg/ml, respectively, against the same bacteria. Similarly, the antifungal assay of Anthemis cotula Flower Ethanolic Extract (ACFEE) displayed momentous 21.0 ± 0.82 mm inhibition, followed by MIC and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 0.57 ± 0.199 µg/ml and 1.12 ± 0.398 µg/ml, respectively, against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Moreover, the phytotoxic activity of ACFEE inhibits the highest seed percentage (90 ± 8.16) of B. rapa at 1000 µl concentration, revealing dose-dependent effects among all the test seeds (Brassica rapa, Cicer arietinum, Lactuca sativa & Pisum sativum). Finally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for antioxidant potential disclosed a significant 82.97 ± 1.06% RSA at 200 µl concentration after a 60-minute duration in the dark. The dose-dependent results showed significant IC50 values (207.49 µg/ml) at 200 µl concentration after 60 min. Conclusion The current comprehensive study of A. cotula flowers extracts concluded that the plant contains several biologically active compounds that contribute to antimicrobial, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study provides solvent-based extracts GCMS profiling together with biological activities supporting the traditional use against psoriasis.

First Report on Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Anthemis cotula L. Flowers

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年1月14日

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Saqib Ullah,
Muhammad Aaqil Khan,
Afnan M. Alnajeebi,
Faten Zubair Filimban,
Faisal Alsenani,
Sher Wali

摘要

Background

Anthemis cotula L. is an alien invasive weed consider allergic but traditionally reported with a single use in the form paste for psoriasis treatment.

Objective

In this context, it was the first time to explore A. cotula flowers extracts for its combined potential phytochemicals and biological activities.

Methodology

Therefore, the solvent-based extracts of flower samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for phytochemical profile, followed by biological attributes including antimicrobial, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

Results

The GC-MS analysis revealed the most important and frequent AFE-7, AFE-10, AFE-14, AFE-15, AFM-1, AFM-4, AFM-5, AFM-6, AFC-10, AFC-13, AFC-15 and AFC-16 encoded phyto-constituents with biological properties observed in ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform fractions. Similarly, the EDX analysis revealed the concentration order of elements i.e. Carbon (C) > Oxygen (O) > Nitrogen (N) > Silicon (Si) > Potassium (K) > Aluminium (Al) > Calcium (Ca) > Iron (Fe) > Chlorine (Cl) > Magnesium (Mg) > Sodium (Na) > Phosphorus (P) > Sulphur (S) for the samples. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of ACFEE exhibited a dose-dependent maximum inhibition of 21.67 ± 1.25 mm against E. coli, followed by significant Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 0.99 ± 0.60 µg/ml & 1.12 ± 0.38 µg/ml, respectively, against the same bacteria. Similarly, the antifungal assay of Anthemis cotula Flower Ethanolic Extract (ACFEE) displayed momentous 21.0 ± 0.82 mm inhibition, followed by MIC and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 0.57 ± 0.199 µg/ml and 1.12 ± 0.398 µg/ml, respectively, against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Moreover, the phytotoxic activity of ACFEE inhibits the highest seed percentage (90 ± 8.16) of B. rapa at 1000 µl concentration, revealing dose-dependent effects among all the test seeds (Brassica rapa, Cicer arietinum, Lactuca sativa & Pisum sativum). Finally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay for antioxidant potential disclosed a significant 82.97 ± 1.06% RSA at 200 µl concentration after a 60-minute duration in the dark. The dose-dependent results showed significant IC50 values (207.49 µg/ml) at 200 µl concentration after 60 min.

Conclusion

The current comprehensive study of A. cotula flowers extracts concluded that the plant contains several biologically active compounds that contribute to antimicrobial, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study provides solvent-based extracts GCMS profiling together with biological activities supporting the traditional use against psoriasis.