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<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remain persistent global health threats due to their high transmissibility and continuous evolution. Conventional vaccination approaches are limited by cold chain requirements, the need for trained personnel, and needle-associated risks, underscoring the demand for next-generation, self-administered, and thermostable delivery systems. This review highlights microneedle array (MNA) technology as a promising platform for coronavirus vaccine delivery. It provides an overview of MNA design, formulation, antigen-loading strategies, and packaging considerations that enhance antigen stability, patient compliance, and large-scale distribution. The discussion integrates current insights on coronavirus immune responses and vaccine limitations to contextualize the advantages of microneedle-based systems. Furthermore, the review addresses post-infection complications, such as cardiac and renal manifestations, emphasizing the need for effective preventive vaccination. By consolidating recent advancements, this article underscores MNA-based vaccines as scalable and equitable tool to strengthen global immunization strategies against emerging coronaviruses.</p>

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Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivering Systems for Overcoming Supply Chain and Logistics Challenges for Effective Coronavirus Immunization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月15日

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  • Sunny Rathee,
  • Richa Dayaramani,
  • Rakesh K. Tekade

摘要

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remain persistent global health threats due to their high transmissibility and continuous evolution. Conventional vaccination approaches are limited by cold chain requirements, the need for trained personnel, and needle-associated risks, underscoring the demand for next-generation, self-administered, and thermostable delivery systems. This review highlights microneedle array (MNA) technology as a promising platform for coronavirus vaccine delivery. It provides an overview of MNA design, formulation, antigen-loading strategies, and packaging considerations that enhance antigen stability, patient compliance, and large-scale distribution. The discussion integrates current insights on coronavirus immune responses and vaccine limitations to contextualize the advantages of microneedle-based systems. Furthermore, the review addresses post-infection complications, such as cardiac and renal manifestations, emphasizing the need for effective preventive vaccination. By consolidating recent advancements, this article underscores MNA-based vaccines as scalable and equitable tool to strengthen global immunization strategies against emerging coronaviruses.