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Background <p>Developing effective topical therapies for inflammation remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional treatments, including poor bioavailability, instability, and systemic side effects. Here, we present a novel <i>Ipomoea cairica</i> loaded silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanogel, integrating natural anti-inflammatory phytochemicals with nanotechnology under a Quality by Design (QbD) framework to achieve enhanced stability, targeted delivery, and therapeutic efficacy.</p> Methods <p>AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous <i>Ipomoea cairica</i> leaf extract and incorporated into a nanogel by using Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. The formulation was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) for critical factors such as pH, viscosity, and spreadability. Comprehensive characterization included analysis of particle size, zeta potential, PDI, physicochemical properties, in-vitro release, ex-vivo skin permeation, and in-vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy. Histopathological analysis and stability studies further evaluated formulation performance.</p> Results <p>Synthesized AgNPs revealed an average particle size of 98&#xa0;nm and a zeta potential of -30.35 mV with PDI of 0.3. The optimized nanogel exhibited homogeneity, stability, neutral pH (7.21), viscosity of 706 cps, and spreadability of 53.33&#xa0;g.cm/s, ensuring skin compatibility. In-vitro release study revealed 77.20% sustained drug release, while ex-vivo skin permeation reached 85.95% demonstrating efficient drug penetration. In-vivo studies confirmed significant anti-inflammatory activity, with a 90.14% reduction in carrageenan-induced edema. Histopathological analysis confirmed minimal tissue damage in the nanogel-treated group compared to control. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of plant phytochemicals and nanogel delivery on AgNP stability and anti-inflammatory efficacy.</p> Conclusion <p>The optimized <i>Ipomoea cairica</i>-derived AgNP nanogel demonstrated desirable physicochemical properties, sustained release, efficient skin permeation, and significant anti-inflammatory efficacy. Guided by a QbD approach, this nanogel represents a promising and stable topical delivery system for effective inflammation management.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Design and Evaluation of a Novel Ipomoea cairica-Based Nanogel: Harnessing Nanotechnology and QbD for Effective Inflammation Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Prathamesh Magadum,
  • Preeti Salve,
  • Prajakta Pujari

摘要

Background

Developing effective topical therapies for inflammation remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional treatments, including poor bioavailability, instability, and systemic side effects. Here, we present a novel Ipomoea cairica loaded silver nanoparticle (AgNP) nanogel, integrating natural anti-inflammatory phytochemicals with nanotechnology under a Quality by Design (QbD) framework to achieve enhanced stability, targeted delivery, and therapeutic efficacy.

Methods

AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous Ipomoea cairica leaf extract and incorporated into a nanogel by using Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. The formulation was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) for critical factors such as pH, viscosity, and spreadability. Comprehensive characterization included analysis of particle size, zeta potential, PDI, physicochemical properties, in-vitro release, ex-vivo skin permeation, and in-vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy. Histopathological analysis and stability studies further evaluated formulation performance.

Results

Synthesized AgNPs revealed an average particle size of 98 nm and a zeta potential of -30.35 mV with PDI of 0.3. The optimized nanogel exhibited homogeneity, stability, neutral pH (7.21), viscosity of 706 cps, and spreadability of 53.33 g.cm/s, ensuring skin compatibility. In-vitro release study revealed 77.20% sustained drug release, while ex-vivo skin permeation reached 85.95% demonstrating efficient drug penetration. In-vivo studies confirmed significant anti-inflammatory activity, with a 90.14% reduction in carrageenan-induced edema. Histopathological analysis confirmed minimal tissue damage in the nanogel-treated group compared to control. These findings highlight the synergistic effect of plant phytochemicals and nanogel delivery on AgNP stability and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Conclusion

The optimized Ipomoea cairica-derived AgNP nanogel demonstrated desirable physicochemical properties, sustained release, efficient skin permeation, and significant anti-inflammatory efficacy. Guided by a QbD approach, this nanogel represents a promising and stable topical delivery system for effective inflammation management.

Graphical Abstract