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Background <p>Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making their chemical and biological evaluation essential for discovering natural therapeutic agents.</p> Objective <p>The present study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of&#xa0;<i>Cupressus sempervirens</i>&#xa0;stem bark methanolic extract (MECS) and its fractions (ethyl acetate-EACS,&#xa0;n-hexane-NHCS, and aqueous AQCS).</p> Methods <p>The crude methanolic extract of stem bark along with its fractions was analyzed for phytochemical composition by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, while antimicrobial activity was assessed against selected bacterial and fungal strains using the Well Diffusion Method.</p> Results <p>GC–MS analysis revealed 20 bioactive compounds, with Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (22.03%), Phenanthren-2-ol (14.34%), and (9Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid (13.79%) as major constituents. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity, with EACS exhibiting the highest potency (IC<sub>50</sub> = 15.45 µg/mL for ABTS, 21.02 µg/mL for DPPH). Antibacterial screening showed concentration-dependent inhibition, with MECS displaying broad-spectrum efficacy against&#xa0;<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>&#xa0;(19.0 ± 1.0 mm) and&#xa0;<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>&#xa0;(16.25 ± 0.75 mm), while EACS was most active against MRSA (16.5 ± 0.5 mm). Antifungal assays highlighted EACS's effectiveness against&#xa0;<i>Alternaria alternata</i>&#xa0;(16.25 mm) and&#xa0;<i>Aspergillus niger</i>&#xa0;(13.75 mm), though all extracts were less potent than standard antibiotics.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings highlight&#xa0;<i>C. sempervirens</i>&#xa0;as a promising source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, warranting further phytochemical exploration for therapeutic applications.</p>

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Phytochemical Analysis of Cupressus sempervirens stem bark and evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial potentials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Atta Ur Rahman,
  • Arshad Iqbal,
  • Sobia Gul,
  • Fahmeeda Kausar,
  • Sumaira Tabassum,
  • Eman R. EIsharkawy,
  • Atif Ali Khan Khalil,
  • Sajid Ali

摘要

Background

Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making their chemical and biological evaluation essential for discovering natural therapeutic agents.

Objective

The present study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Cupressus sempervirens stem bark methanolic extract (MECS) and its fractions (ethyl acetate-EACS, n-hexane-NHCS, and aqueous AQCS).

Methods

The crude methanolic extract of stem bark along with its fractions was analyzed for phytochemical composition by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays, while antimicrobial activity was assessed against selected bacterial and fungal strains using the Well Diffusion Method.

Results

GC–MS analysis revealed 20 bioactive compounds, with Bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (22.03%), Phenanthren-2-ol (14.34%), and (9Z)-Octadec-9-enoic acid (13.79%) as major constituents. Antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity, with EACS exhibiting the highest potency (IC50 = 15.45 µg/mL for ABTS, 21.02 µg/mL for DPPH). Antibacterial screening showed concentration-dependent inhibition, with MECS displaying broad-spectrum efficacy against Proteus mirabilis (19.0 ± 1.0 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.25 ± 0.75 mm), while EACS was most active against MRSA (16.5 ± 0.5 mm). Antifungal assays highlighted EACS's effectiveness against Alternaria alternata (16.25 mm) and Aspergillus niger (13.75 mm), though all extracts were less potent than standard antibiotics.

Conclusion

These findings highlight C. sempervirens as a promising source of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, warranting further phytochemical exploration for therapeutic applications.