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<p>Silk sericin, a hydrophilic protein derived from <i>Bombyx mori</i> cocoons, has attracted increasing interest due to its antioxidant, moisturizing, and enzyme-inhibitory properties. Efficient extraction is essential to preserve its biofunctional potential. In this study, sericin was extracted using hot water and 1.25% (w/v) citric acid using autoclave-based heating to achieve pressurized conditions above 100&#xa0;°C. A Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to systematically evaluate the effects of extraction parameters (temperature and time) and to optimize five key response variables: yield, purity, molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI), total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results revealed that higher temperatures (125&#xa0;°C) produced the maximum sericin yield, while moderate conditions (115&#xa0;°C for 45&#xa0;min) ensured better preservation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Hot acid extraction resulted in significantly enhanced purity and enzymatic inhibition compared to hot water extraction. Sericin fractions above 7&#xa0;kDa exhibited the strongest bioactivity, as reflected by lower IC<sub>50</sub> values in both ABTS and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The optimized hot water citric acid-based method yielded 24.00% sericin with 100.00% purity and an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.67&#xa0;mg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition. This study compares hot water and hot acid autoclave extractions using Box-Behnken design and evaluates their effects on sericin yield, purity, and bioactivities. Citric acid-based extraction produced higher purity and stronger α-glucosidase inhibition, while hot water extraction preserved antioxidant potential more effectively. These findings support the use of citric acid as an eco-friendly and scalable extraction agent and highlight the potential of sericin in biomedical and nutraceutical applications.</p>

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Comparative Optimization of Hot Water and Citric Acid Extraction Methods for Sericin Recovery From Silk Cocoons: in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Bahar Sincar,
  • Feyza Özdemir,
  • Beyza Tutku Bıçakcı,
  • Cansu Erdem,
  • Dilek Yalçın,
  • Abdulhakeem S. Alamri,
  • Charis M. Galanakis,
  • Oguz Bayraktar

摘要

Silk sericin, a hydrophilic protein derived from Bombyx mori cocoons, has attracted increasing interest due to its antioxidant, moisturizing, and enzyme-inhibitory properties. Efficient extraction is essential to preserve its biofunctional potential. In this study, sericin was extracted using hot water and 1.25% (w/v) citric acid using autoclave-based heating to achieve pressurized conditions above 100 °C. A Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to systematically evaluate the effects of extraction parameters (temperature and time) and to optimize five key response variables: yield, purity, molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI), total antioxidant capacity (ABTS), and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The results revealed that higher temperatures (125 °C) produced the maximum sericin yield, while moderate conditions (115 °C for 45 min) ensured better preservation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Hot acid extraction resulted in significantly enhanced purity and enzymatic inhibition compared to hot water extraction. Sericin fractions above 7 kDa exhibited the strongest bioactivity, as reflected by lower IC50 values in both ABTS and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The optimized hot water citric acid-based method yielded 24.00% sericin with 100.00% purity and an IC50 of 0.67 mg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition. This study compares hot water and hot acid autoclave extractions using Box-Behnken design and evaluates their effects on sericin yield, purity, and bioactivities. Citric acid-based extraction produced higher purity and stronger α-glucosidase inhibition, while hot water extraction preserved antioxidant potential more effectively. These findings support the use of citric acid as an eco-friendly and scalable extraction agent and highlight the potential of sericin in biomedical and nutraceutical applications.