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Background <p>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) a major biomineral found in human hard tissues is highly bioactive, biocompatible, and can be synthesized chemically or from natural sources.</p> Aims and Objective <p> HAp nanoparticles were synthesized from unfertilized raw eggshells via co-precipitation technique and were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-Ray Analysis), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and RS (Raman spectroscopy). Material and methods: In this study, raw unfertilized eggshells were used to synthesize HAp as it’s an environmentally friendly and sustainable source. After cleaning, the raw egg shells were powdered and calcined to a temperature of 1200<sup>o</sup>C in a furnace. It was then hydrolyzed by using deionized water followed by a dropwise addition of phosphoric acid. The obtained precipitate was dried in the oven at 100<sup>o</sup>C for 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24hrs and analyzed via X-ray diffraction analysis, later FTIR, SEM, EDAX, DLS, and RS were done.</p> Results <p> XRDA showed the crystallinity of the sample to be around 96.76% at 24hr. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the presence of carbonate, hydroxyl, and phosphate ions. The obtained HAp exhibited roughly spherical to plate-like morphology, approximately 1-6nm in size, and had a Ca:P ratio of 1.65. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was done where bands above 2000 cm-1&#xa0;indicated OH vibrations, bands at 592 and 555 cm<sup>-1</sup>&#xa0;were associated with P-O bending vibrations, and bands around 150 to 200 cm<sup>-1</sup>&#xa0;were found to be ca-OH vibrations. </p> Conclusion <p> The co-precipitation technique synthesized the crystalline hydroxyapatite from egg shells. Further studies can be done to use HAp from egg shells for dental applications.</p>

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Dental Application-Based Approach in Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline Hydroxyapatite from Egg Shells Using Co-Precipitation Method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Ravi M.B.,
  • Anusuya M.,
  • Vijayakumar M.,
  • Anupama Aradya,
  • Vidya G. Doddawad

摘要

Background

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) a major biomineral found in human hard tissues is highly bioactive, biocompatible, and can be synthesized chemically or from natural sources.

Aims and Objective

HAp nanoparticles were synthesized from unfertilized raw eggshells via co-precipitation technique and were characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDAX (Energy-dispersive X-Ray Analysis), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and RS (Raman spectroscopy). Material and methods: In this study, raw unfertilized eggshells were used to synthesize HAp as it’s an environmentally friendly and sustainable source. After cleaning, the raw egg shells were powdered and calcined to a temperature of 1200oC in a furnace. It was then hydrolyzed by using deionized water followed by a dropwise addition of phosphoric acid. The obtained precipitate was dried in the oven at 100oC for 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24hrs and analyzed via X-ray diffraction analysis, later FTIR, SEM, EDAX, DLS, and RS were done.

Results

XRDA showed the crystallinity of the sample to be around 96.76% at 24hr. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the presence of carbonate, hydroxyl, and phosphate ions. The obtained HAp exhibited roughly spherical to plate-like morphology, approximately 1-6nm in size, and had a Ca:P ratio of 1.65. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was done where bands above 2000 cm-1 indicated OH vibrations, bands at 592 and 555 cm-1 were associated with P-O bending vibrations, and bands around 150 to 200 cm-1 were found to be ca-OH vibrations.

Conclusion

The co-precipitation technique synthesized the crystalline hydroxyapatite from egg shells. Further studies can be done to use HAp from egg shells for dental applications.