Scholarlink

Purpose <p>Parkinson’s disease is a major progressive neurodegenerative disease that is well known for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which occurs due to mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, as well as accumulation of α-synuclein. It affects the central nervous system and peripheral organs. The USFDA has approved limited drugs to treat Parkinson’s, and those drugs reveal symptomatic relief. By avoiding first-pass metabolism and crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), only a limited amount of drug reaches the brain. So, to avoid this limitation, the nose-to-brain pathway is the most suitable route for the delivery of medicine directly into the brain.</p> Method <p>This review highlights the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease, the nose-to-brain transport mechanism, and its limitations. This article also provides detailed insight into nanoemulsions administered via the intranasal route to control Parkinson’s disease, the use of several mucoadhesive polymers in the formulation of antiparkinson nanoemulsion, and signifies the importance of several phytoconstituents for the effective management of Parkinson’s disease.</p> Result <p>By formulation drug into nanoemulsion, it is helpful to avoid rapid nasal clearance and increase mean residence time in the nasal cavity, also enhancing permeation of the drug, which facilitates the entry of the drug directly into the brain, which is beneficial to reduce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by avoiding α-synuclein formation.</p> Conclusion <p>To enhance efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties, and cross the BBB drug can be formulated into a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion for intranasal administration has several limitations rapid nasal clearance, smaller residence time in the nasal cavity, and nasal enzymatic degradation. So, to absorb the maximum amount of drug from the nasal cavity, it must reside in the nasal cavity. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in nanoemulsion increases nasal permeation, improves nasal residence time, enhances brain uptake, and decreases enzymatic degradation.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

A Comprehensive Review of Nanoemulsion Via the Nose To the Brain in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

查看全文
  • Hitendra Mahajan,
  • Rahul Sarode,
  • Subhash Deshmane,
  • Ghanshyam Girnar,
  • Swati Khedekar

摘要

Purpose

Parkinson’s disease is a major progressive neurodegenerative disease that is well known for the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which occurs due to mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, as well as accumulation of α-synuclein. It affects the central nervous system and peripheral organs. The USFDA has approved limited drugs to treat Parkinson’s, and those drugs reveal symptomatic relief. By avoiding first-pass metabolism and crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), only a limited amount of drug reaches the brain. So, to avoid this limitation, the nose-to-brain pathway is the most suitable route for the delivery of medicine directly into the brain.

Method

This review highlights the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease, the nose-to-brain transport mechanism, and its limitations. This article also provides detailed insight into nanoemulsions administered via the intranasal route to control Parkinson’s disease, the use of several mucoadhesive polymers in the formulation of antiparkinson nanoemulsion, and signifies the importance of several phytoconstituents for the effective management of Parkinson’s disease.

Result

By formulation drug into nanoemulsion, it is helpful to avoid rapid nasal clearance and increase mean residence time in the nasal cavity, also enhancing permeation of the drug, which facilitates the entry of the drug directly into the brain, which is beneficial to reduce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by avoiding α-synuclein formation.

Conclusion

To enhance efficacy, pharmacokinetic properties, and cross the BBB drug can be formulated into a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion for intranasal administration has several limitations rapid nasal clearance, smaller residence time in the nasal cavity, and nasal enzymatic degradation. So, to absorb the maximum amount of drug from the nasal cavity, it must reside in the nasal cavity. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in nanoemulsion increases nasal permeation, improves nasal residence time, enhances brain uptake, and decreases enzymatic degradation.