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Background <p>Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality following traumatic injuries. Current hemostatic strategies focus on either accelerating the coagulation cascade or applying external barriers, but a single approach may be insufficient for diverse traumatic injuries.</p> Purpose <p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multilayer hemostat (MLH) with a synergistic, multifaceted design to enhance hemorrhage control efficacy.</p> Methods <p>The MLH was fabricated with graphene oxide, collagen, silk fibroin, and sodium polyacrylate embedded in distinct layers, supported by cellulose foam and cotton gauze. Comprehensive in vitro assessments included MTT assay for biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, tensile strength, platelet adhesion, blood absorption rate, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and dynamic blood coagulation. In vivo studies were conducted using rat femoral artery and liver incision models to evaluate hemostatic performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess clot formation.</p> Results <p>In vitro, the MLH demonstrated superior biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and coagulation efficiency compared to controls. It exhibited faster and higher blood absorption, enhanced platelet adhesion, shorter PT and aPTT, and reduced clotting time. In vivo, the MLH achieved hemostasis in 2 minutes 35 seconds (femoral artery model) and 2 minutes 42 seconds (liver incision model). SEM confirmed robust clot formation.</p> Conclusion <p>The MLH’s synergistic design outperforms conventional single-material hemostats, offering a promising solution for emergency hemorrhage management. Future studies will focus on its translational potential for human applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Composite Hemostat with Combined Efficiency of Graphene Oxide, Silk Fibroin, Collagen and Sodium Polyacrylate for Quick Control of Hemorrhage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Rahul Padalkar,
  • Ashwini Madgulkar,
  • Nikhil Marathe,
  • Shrawani Nighot,
  • Ashish Chavanke,
  • Rutuja Sultanpure,
  • Riddhi Dube

摘要

Background

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a leading cause of mortality following traumatic injuries. Current hemostatic strategies focus on either accelerating the coagulation cascade or applying external barriers, but a single approach may be insufficient for diverse traumatic injuries.

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multilayer hemostat (MLH) with a synergistic, multifaceted design to enhance hemorrhage control efficacy.

Methods

The MLH was fabricated with graphene oxide, collagen, silk fibroin, and sodium polyacrylate embedded in distinct layers, supported by cellulose foam and cotton gauze. Comprehensive in vitro assessments included MTT assay for biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, tensile strength, platelet adhesion, blood absorption rate, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and dynamic blood coagulation. In vivo studies were conducted using rat femoral artery and liver incision models to evaluate hemostatic performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess clot formation.

Results

In vitro, the MLH demonstrated superior biocompatibility, mechanical integrity, and coagulation efficiency compared to controls. It exhibited faster and higher blood absorption, enhanced platelet adhesion, shorter PT and aPTT, and reduced clotting time. In vivo, the MLH achieved hemostasis in 2 minutes 35 seconds (femoral artery model) and 2 minutes 42 seconds (liver incision model). SEM confirmed robust clot formation.

Conclusion

The MLH’s synergistic design outperforms conventional single-material hemostats, offering a promising solution for emergency hemorrhage management. Future studies will focus on its translational potential for human applications.

Graphical Abstract