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<p>The all-wheel drive (AWD) system is crucial for enhancing the performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). However, conventional architectures struggle to achieve a balance between the flexibility of torque distribution and robustness against drive failures. This study proposes a Multi-mode coupling AWD (MMC-AWD) system that integrates the advantages of centralized and distributed inter-axle drive topologies. The system configuration and its various operating modes are systematically designed and analysed. A rule-based EV Double Charge Sustaining (EVDCS) energy management strategy is developed, and the system’s structural and control parameters are optimised using an enhanced Sparrow Search Algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed MMC AWD reduces fuel consumption per 100&#xa0;km by 7.5% under the NEDC cycle and 8.4% under the WLTC cycle, respectively, while maintaining excellent acceleration and gradeability. This verifies the effectiveness of the integrated design and optimisation approach.</p>

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Integrated Design and Parameter Optimization of Multi-mode Coupling All-Wheel Drive System for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Zhang Lipeng,
  • Chen Minghan,
  • Wang Jiantao,
  • Li Xiaohao,
  • Zhang Yan

摘要

The all-wheel drive (AWD) system is crucial for enhancing the performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). However, conventional architectures struggle to achieve a balance between the flexibility of torque distribution and robustness against drive failures. This study proposes a Multi-mode coupling AWD (MMC-AWD) system that integrates the advantages of centralized and distributed inter-axle drive topologies. The system configuration and its various operating modes are systematically designed and analysed. A rule-based EV Double Charge Sustaining (EVDCS) energy management strategy is developed, and the system’s structural and control parameters are optimised using an enhanced Sparrow Search Algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that, the proposed MMC AWD reduces fuel consumption per 100 km by 7.5% under the NEDC cycle and 8.4% under the WLTC cycle, respectively, while maintaining excellent acceleration and gradeability. This verifies the effectiveness of the integrated design and optimisation approach.