Novel Electric Vehicle Powertrain of Multi-stack Fuel Cell Using Optimal Energy Management Strategy

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) powertrain layouts and control strategies have historically overlooked the asymmetric energy storage effect, despite its significant impact on system efficiency. In this study, we propose a novel FCEV powertrain layout using dual fuel cells to uncover hidden fuel efficiency improvement factors in comparison with the conventional Single Fuel Cell System (SFS). To address the issues of low efficiency operation in SFS and the limitations of existing energy management strategies that hinder high output performance, we present a minimum efficiency-based power control strategy. Additionally, we implement a partial system operation strategy to optimize efficiency according to the state of the power sources. This combined approach results in substantial improvements in both hardware and software efficiency, a possibility that was not previously achievable. Through this research, we demonstrate the potential for enhancing the fuel efficiency of the multi-stack system, a concept that has not been implemented yet. Moreover, we propose a new direction for the architectural design of FCEVs that overcomes the limitations of the SFS, thereby addressing potential malfunctions.