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<p>Degradation and loss of valuable beach dune habitat has necessitated the development of restoration strategies that involve adding sand to create elevated berms and then planting foundational grasses, often with fertilizer. The sand used for dune construction is typically sourced locally by dredging coastal deposits. In some regions, limited supply of these deposits has led to the use of alternative sand sources, including upland mines. However, no studies have examined how sand source may influence transplanted dune grass growth. We conducted a two-month greenhouse experiment to determine how the two most commonly deployed foundational dune grasses, sea oats (<i>Uniola paniculata</i>) and bitter panicum (<i>Panicum amarum</i>), performed in sands from different sources (nearshore from nearby borrows, upland from quarries, and beach) under control (ambient) or fertilizer addition conditions. Under control conditions, both species exhibited negligible growth across sand types (-0.73 ± 1.20&#xa0;g). Under fertilized conditions, aboveground biomass production was 3.8 ± 2.77&#xa0;g for all species-sand combinations excluding sea oats planted in upland sand, which had negligible growth (-0.25 ± 0.89&#xa0;g). Upland sand grain size (0.34 ± 0.03&#xa0;mm) was intermediary to nearshore (0.25 ± 0.01&#xa0;mm) and beach sand (0.76 ± 0.10&#xa0;mm), but total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic matter were significantly lower in upland sand (TC = 0.13 ± 0.06%, TN &lt; 0.1%, OM = 0.06 ± 0.04%) than in nearshore (TC = 1.30 ± 0.28%, TN &lt; 0.1%, OM = 0.23 ± 0.05%) and beach sand (TC = 8.27 ± 0.75%, TN = 0.01 ± 0.00%, OM = 0.61 ± 0.11%). These findings indicate that dune restoration projects using upland sand should avoid planting sea oats when possible, but that fertilizer addition may enable establishment of other transplant species.</p>

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Sand Source and Fertilizer Addition Effects on the Growth of Two Foundational Dune Grasses: Implications for Restoration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Teagan A. Frazier,
  • Christine Angelini,
  • Mary A. Schneider,
  • Carrie R. Adams,
  • Andrew H. Altieri,
  • Joseph P. Morton

摘要

Degradation and loss of valuable beach dune habitat has necessitated the development of restoration strategies that involve adding sand to create elevated berms and then planting foundational grasses, often with fertilizer. The sand used for dune construction is typically sourced locally by dredging coastal deposits. In some regions, limited supply of these deposits has led to the use of alternative sand sources, including upland mines. However, no studies have examined how sand source may influence transplanted dune grass growth. We conducted a two-month greenhouse experiment to determine how the two most commonly deployed foundational dune grasses, sea oats (Uniola paniculata) and bitter panicum (Panicum amarum), performed in sands from different sources (nearshore from nearby borrows, upland from quarries, and beach) under control (ambient) or fertilizer addition conditions. Under control conditions, both species exhibited negligible growth across sand types (-0.73 ± 1.20 g). Under fertilized conditions, aboveground biomass production was 3.8 ± 2.77 g for all species-sand combinations excluding sea oats planted in upland sand, which had negligible growth (-0.25 ± 0.89 g). Upland sand grain size (0.34 ± 0.03 mm) was intermediary to nearshore (0.25 ± 0.01 mm) and beach sand (0.76 ± 0.10 mm), but total carbon, total nitrogen, and organic matter were significantly lower in upland sand (TC = 0.13 ± 0.06%, TN < 0.1%, OM = 0.06 ± 0.04%) than in nearshore (TC = 1.30 ± 0.28%, TN < 0.1%, OM = 0.23 ± 0.05%) and beach sand (TC = 8.27 ± 0.75%, TN = 0.01 ± 0.00%, OM = 0.61 ± 0.11%). These findings indicate that dune restoration projects using upland sand should avoid planting sea oats when possible, but that fertilizer addition may enable establishment of other transplant species.