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<p>Mangroves provide critical services for the development of coastal river deltas, including shoreline protection, dissipation of wave and tidal energy, sediment accumulation, and substrate stabilization. This study aims to identify coastal changes that have occurred over the last 50 years and quantitatively relate them to mangrove forestation activities and the dramatic reduction in fluvial sediment supply to the sea caused by upstream dam-reservoirs. The combination of remote sensing techniques (time series analysis of Landsat satellite images) and field surveys along the southern Red River Delta (RRD) coast, Vietnam, reveals significant changes in mangrove shorelines and dynamics during the period 1973–2024. Accordingly, shoreline change rates reached up to + 300&#xa0;m/yr in areas characterized by mangroves, while erosion rates reached up to − 3.5&#xa0;m/yr in regions with sandy beaches. The spatiotemporal dynamics of shoreline evolution were analyzed using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method, which demonstrated that the first two spatial and temporal modes explained over 91% of the total variance. The results highlighted the important role of human activities, particularly large-scale mangrove afforestation, in modulating shoreline changes along the southern RRD as countermeasures to a substantial decline in fluvial sediment supply from the Red River, which decreased from 116 × 10⁶ to 11 × 10⁶ tons per year between 1958 and 2023. Our findings indicated that without mangrove plantation activities, the southern RRD coast would have experienced erosion since the early 1990s.</p>

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Five Decades of Shoreline Dynamics and their Response to Dramatically Reduced Sediment Supply on the Southern Red River Delta Coast, Vietnam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Nguyen Hao Quang,
  • Trinh Xuan Manh,
  • Tran Quoc Viet,
  • Nguyen Van An,
  • Nguyen Thi Thu Ha

摘要

Mangroves provide critical services for the development of coastal river deltas, including shoreline protection, dissipation of wave and tidal energy, sediment accumulation, and substrate stabilization. This study aims to identify coastal changes that have occurred over the last 50 years and quantitatively relate them to mangrove forestation activities and the dramatic reduction in fluvial sediment supply to the sea caused by upstream dam-reservoirs. The combination of remote sensing techniques (time series analysis of Landsat satellite images) and field surveys along the southern Red River Delta (RRD) coast, Vietnam, reveals significant changes in mangrove shorelines and dynamics during the period 1973–2024. Accordingly, shoreline change rates reached up to + 300 m/yr in areas characterized by mangroves, while erosion rates reached up to − 3.5 m/yr in regions with sandy beaches. The spatiotemporal dynamics of shoreline evolution were analyzed using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method, which demonstrated that the first two spatial and temporal modes explained over 91% of the total variance. The results highlighted the important role of human activities, particularly large-scale mangrove afforestation, in modulating shoreline changes along the southern RRD as countermeasures to a substantial decline in fluvial sediment supply from the Red River, which decreased from 116 × 10⁶ to 11 × 10⁶ tons per year between 1958 and 2023. Our findings indicated that without mangrove plantation activities, the southern RRD coast would have experienced erosion since the early 1990s.