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<p>The LGBTI Inclusion Index comprises five domains—education, political and civic participation, economic well-being, health, and personal safety &amp; violence. This study focuses on the health dimension, scrutinising each parameter of health inclusivity for its implementation in India and associated policy implications. Using annual data from the World Bank, UNDP, and the Inclusion Index for 1990–2022, five robust checks—life expectancy at birth, current health expenditure, HIV prevalence, out-of-pocket expenditure, and community health expenditure—are empirically assessed through Ordinary Least Squares and Robust Least Squares regressions, controlling for trade, employment, human capital, population, and capital stock. India’s health inclusivity score is 0.11/0.20, reflecting incremental legislative gains from the HIV Act, 2017 and the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. Results show that a one-point rise in health inclusion correlates with a $3.647 increase in GDP per capita (PPP) and a 1.645-point increase in HDI, with life expectancy, HIV prevalence, and out-of-pocket expenditure exerting the strongest effects. The proposed policy framework prioritises universal access to gender-affirming care, targeted financial protection, workforce sensitisation, SOGIESC-inclusive data systems, and integrated care pathways—positioning LGBTI health equity as both a constitutional and human rights obligation and a catalyst for sustainable, inclusive economic growth under SDG 3.</p>

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Trans-health in India: An Approach to LGBTI Well-Being

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Kanika Chawla,
  • K. Nilavathy

摘要

The LGBTI Inclusion Index comprises five domains—education, political and civic participation, economic well-being, health, and personal safety & violence. This study focuses on the health dimension, scrutinising each parameter of health inclusivity for its implementation in India and associated policy implications. Using annual data from the World Bank, UNDP, and the Inclusion Index for 1990–2022, five robust checks—life expectancy at birth, current health expenditure, HIV prevalence, out-of-pocket expenditure, and community health expenditure—are empirically assessed through Ordinary Least Squares and Robust Least Squares regressions, controlling for trade, employment, human capital, population, and capital stock. India’s health inclusivity score is 0.11/0.20, reflecting incremental legislative gains from the HIV Act, 2017 and the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. Results show that a one-point rise in health inclusion correlates with a $3.647 increase in GDP per capita (PPP) and a 1.645-point increase in HDI, with life expectancy, HIV prevalence, and out-of-pocket expenditure exerting the strongest effects. The proposed policy framework prioritises universal access to gender-affirming care, targeted financial protection, workforce sensitisation, SOGIESC-inclusive data systems, and integrated care pathways—positioning LGBTI health equity as both a constitutional and human rights obligation and a catalyst for sustainable, inclusive economic growth under SDG 3.