<p>This study investigates the long-term relationships between humans and two South American Araucaria species, <i>Araucaria araucana</i> and <i>Araucaria angustifolia</i>, using relational models. This framework facilitated the analysis of dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of human interaction with Araucaria forests, incorporating cultural preferences, guiding principles, and responsibilities toward nature. This qualitative systematic review integrates archaeological, historical-ecological, ethnohistorical, and ethnobotanical sources to examine how diverse social groups have interacted with these trees over time. The analysis identified six relational models, which often coexist and do not strictly represent sequential historical phases. Initially, Indigenous Peoples established utilization practices based on stewardship, ritualized exchange, and devotion. European colonization introduced exploitation and domination, although Indigenous stewardship persisted. Today, local communities often continue these stewardship traditions, while businesses frequently engage in exploitation, and governments enact protective custody policies to counter Araucaria overexploitation. Overall, the study highlights a transition from models characterized by mutual nurturing to those of domination and exploitation. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the importance of reciprocity in fostering the resilience and well-being of both Araucaria forests and their inhabitants.</p>