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<p>Studying cross-cultural and cross-border plant use in fragile mountain areas is essential to understanding the factors that influence Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). This study focuses on the Muslim Bulgarian-speaking Pomaks minority living along the Central Greek-Bulgarian border in the Rhodope Mountains. Fieldwork conducted in&#xa0;the summer of&#xa0;2023 involved 62 semi-structured interviews documenting the traditional uses of wild foods, edible mushrooms, and medicinal plants. A total of 81 wild and cultivated taxa were recorded. The results revealed notable differences between the two countries: Pomak communities in Bulgaria reported significantly higher species diversity and a more even distribution of foraging knowledge across taxa compared to those in Greece (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.33, df = 2, <i>p</i> = 0.042). This disparity is linked to the ongoing engagement with natural landscapes in Bulgaria, while Greek Pomaks have faced marginalization, poverty, and outmigration, which disrupted traditional land-based practices such as shepherding and small-scale farming. These shifts have contributed to the erosion of TEK in Greek communities. The study highlights the importance of sustained interaction with the environment in preserving biocultural knowledge and points to the need for targeted efforts to support the revitalization of sustainable foraging practices, particularly in communities facing socioeconomic and cultural pressures that threaten the continuity of traditional plant knowledge.</p>

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A Hidden Bio-Cultural Erosion? Mountain Marginalization and the Resilience of Traditional Environmental Knowledge Among Pomaks in the Greek-Bulgarian Rhodopes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • MOUSAAB ALRHMOUN,
  • NAJI SULAIMAN,
  • IRFAN ULLAH,
  • VALTER GUIGGI,
  • ANELY NEDELCHEVA,
  • ANDREA PIERONI

摘要

Studying cross-cultural and cross-border plant use in fragile mountain areas is essential to understanding the factors that influence Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). This study focuses on the Muslim Bulgarian-speaking Pomaks minority living along the Central Greek-Bulgarian border in the Rhodope Mountains. Fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2023 involved 62 semi-structured interviews documenting the traditional uses of wild foods, edible mushrooms, and medicinal plants. A total of 81 wild and cultivated taxa were recorded. The results revealed notable differences between the two countries: Pomak communities in Bulgaria reported significantly higher species diversity and a more even distribution of foraging knowledge across taxa compared to those in Greece (χ2 = 6.33, df = 2, p = 0.042). This disparity is linked to the ongoing engagement with natural landscapes in Bulgaria, while Greek Pomaks have faced marginalization, poverty, and outmigration, which disrupted traditional land-based practices such as shepherding and small-scale farming. These shifts have contributed to the erosion of TEK in Greek communities. The study highlights the importance of sustained interaction with the environment in preserving biocultural knowledge and points to the need for targeted efforts to support the revitalization of sustainable foraging practices, particularly in communities facing socioeconomic and cultural pressures that threaten the continuity of traditional plant knowledge.