We describe here Plinia longifructa and Myrcia piratininga, two new Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of Myrtaceae (subtribes Pliniinae and Myrciinae, respectively) from the Serra do Mar Mountains. Plinia longifructa is closely related to P. rivularis and P. pseudodichasiantha but differs from those species primarily in inflorescence type, floral bud shape, and fruit morphology. The presence of a fleshy extension below the ovary locules is a particularly distinctive feature. Myrcia piratininga is related to M. robusta but differs especially in its clambering habit, but also in the leaf, inflorescence, and ovary morphologies. Both of the new species exemplify the remarkable endemism of Myrtaceae in the Atlantic Forest.
