Macrolobium tukanorum, a new species of the legume subfamily Detarioideae with paniculate inflorescences and only known from the Upper Rio Negro basin in the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished from all other congeners by the combination of 2–3-jugate leaves, abaxially glabrous leaflets, inflorescences frequently paniculate, and the ovary marginally pilose. Additionally, we report Macrolobium guianense, a species previously known only from French Guiana and Suriname, as a new record for the Brazilian flora.