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<p>Understanding how global urbanization fundamentally restructures plant communities is essential for effective biodiversity conservation and urban planning in a rapidly changing world. It is a dominant driver of global change, posing a significant threat to vegetation dynamics worldwide, driven by the combined impacts of climate change, land use changes and socio-ecological factors. The research was carried out along an urbanization gradient, ranging from the urban core to peri-urban and natural vegetation in Ranchi, Eastern India, where urban expansion and land use transformation have reached urban areas. Phytosociological analysis of 167 plots (0.5&#xa0;ha each) revealed that species richness declined with urbanization. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.99 to 3.98. Urbanization filtered growth forms, increasing the relative prevalence of trees in urban areas while reducing the abundance of shrubs and herbaceous growth forms. The detrended correspondence analysis represents an urbanization gradient with a significant ecological shift in plant assemblages and species turnover. Intentional introduction of fast-growing exotic tree species in different social forestry plantations has created a diverse and heterogeneous habitat. Regeneration failure was prevalent in urban (74%), peri-urban (55%) and natural (53%) trees, coupled with the high proportion of IUCN Red-Listed species (51%, 178 sp. div.), including one Endangered, three Vulnerable and four Near-Threatened species, which necessitates immediate policy interventions. Overall, the study has confirmed a significant change in floristic composition and structure across the urban to natural vegetation in Eastern India. These findings are crucial for regional biodiversity conservation, fostering resilient ecosystems and achieving sustainable development.</p>

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From cities to nature: unveiling changes in vegetation composition along an urbanization gradient in Ranchi, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Pawan Ekka,
  • Purabi Saikia

摘要

Understanding how global urbanization fundamentally restructures plant communities is essential for effective biodiversity conservation and urban planning in a rapidly changing world. It is a dominant driver of global change, posing a significant threat to vegetation dynamics worldwide, driven by the combined impacts of climate change, land use changes and socio-ecological factors. The research was carried out along an urbanization gradient, ranging from the urban core to peri-urban and natural vegetation in Ranchi, Eastern India, where urban expansion and land use transformation have reached urban areas. Phytosociological analysis of 167 plots (0.5 ha each) revealed that species richness declined with urbanization. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.99 to 3.98. Urbanization filtered growth forms, increasing the relative prevalence of trees in urban areas while reducing the abundance of shrubs and herbaceous growth forms. The detrended correspondence analysis represents an urbanization gradient with a significant ecological shift in plant assemblages and species turnover. Intentional introduction of fast-growing exotic tree species in different social forestry plantations has created a diverse and heterogeneous habitat. Regeneration failure was prevalent in urban (74%), peri-urban (55%) and natural (53%) trees, coupled with the high proportion of IUCN Red-Listed species (51%, 178 sp. div.), including one Endangered, three Vulnerable and four Near-Threatened species, which necessitates immediate policy interventions. Overall, the study has confirmed a significant change in floristic composition and structure across the urban to natural vegetation in Eastern India. These findings are crucial for regional biodiversity conservation, fostering resilient ecosystems and achieving sustainable development.