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<p>The Brazilian Atlantic cloud forests are critical biodiversity hotspots currently under threat from urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change. This study, conducted in upper montane cloud forests in Urubici, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, examines the distribution of regenerating tree species across different height classes from the understory (&lt;1m) to the canopy, revealing their presence within unique nebular conditions. We observed 1,342 trees (23,222 ind.ha<sup>-1</sup>), covering 34 species across 22 genera and 16 families. Complex Network Analyses identified pronounced vertical stratification, with species showing notable specialization and moderate to high levels of differentiation in their height class preferences. Generalized Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) highlighted species-specific patterns, with some species being more abundant in lower height classes and others in higher ones. Despite the expected homogeneous light conditions due to high cloudiness and fog, our findings reveal clear distribution patterns at different forest layers. These insights emphasize the importance of vertical stratification in cloud forest conservation, highlighting the need for strategies that address distinct ecological requirements at different forest layers.</p>

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Revealing vertical layers: tree species distribution and ecological complexity in Brazilian cloud forests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月1日

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  • Marcia Aparecida Simonete,
  • Ana Carolina da Silva,
  • Ada Kauara Cantini Barbosa,
  • Guilherme Schneider de Moura,
  • Bianca Lamounier da Silva Lima,
  • Ranubia Figueiredo dos Santos,
  • Nicolas Costa Pucci,
  • Wellington Felipe da Silva,
  • Pedro Higuchi

摘要

The Brazilian Atlantic cloud forests are critical biodiversity hotspots currently under threat from urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate change. This study, conducted in upper montane cloud forests in Urubici, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, examines the distribution of regenerating tree species across different height classes from the understory (<1m) to the canopy, revealing their presence within unique nebular conditions. We observed 1,342 trees (23,222 ind.ha-1), covering 34 species across 22 genera and 16 families. Complex Network Analyses identified pronounced vertical stratification, with species showing notable specialization and moderate to high levels of differentiation in their height class preferences. Generalized Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) highlighted species-specific patterns, with some species being more abundant in lower height classes and others in higher ones. Despite the expected homogeneous light conditions due to high cloudiness and fog, our findings reveal clear distribution patterns at different forest layers. These insights emphasize the importance of vertical stratification in cloud forest conservation, highlighting the need for strategies that address distinct ecological requirements at different forest layers.