Floristic patterns among phytogeographical domains: unraveling the complexity of Brazilian transitions

We investigated the biogeographic transitions among the main Brazilian phytogeographic domains, focusing on general floristic patterns. Based on data from 352 locations, we analysed the dynamic interactions between the Amazon, the Caatinga, the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest. Using clustering and ordination techniques, our present study reveals significant overlaps in tree composition between biogeographic transition areas and adjacent phytogeographic domains, indicating areas of biotic addition. We highlight the presence of 232 species that are exclusive to these transition areas, documenting their unique floristic identity. The dynamic adaptation of species to variable environmental conditions is evidenced by the presence of widely distributed species. In conclusion, we emphasize the historical importance of ecological transitions, highlighting challenges and opportunities for effective regional biodiversity conservation.