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<p>The role of proline (Pro) in salinity tolerance of <i>Dunaliella</i> sp. cells was investigated by studying biochemical responses and antioxidant enzyme activities. Algal cells grown in 1, 2, and 3&#xa0;M NaCl concentrations in the exponential growth phase were exposed to 0 and 5 mM Pro concentrations. While cell number, soluble sugars, starch, amino acids, endogenous Pro, soluble protein, hydrogen peroxide, and protein carbonylation decreased with increasing salinity in Pro-untreated cells, fresh weight, pigments, total protein, lipid, glycerol, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity significantly increased. The progressive depletion of Pro from algal suspensions confirms its uptake by the cells. This uptake was accompanied by excessive metabolites accumulation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity following Pro treatment. Increased protein carbonylation without significant changes in lipid peroxidation was also found in Pro-treated cells. These data suggest that <i>Dunaliella</i> sp. cells tolerate long-term salinity well. Still, exogenous Pro can improve salinity tolerance by diverting carbon flux towards the biosynthesis of metabolites rather than antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, Pro treatment alters the salinity tolerance strategy by changing carbon partitioning and has high biotechnological potential due to the induction of metabolites accumulation.</p>

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Proline treatment improves salinity tolerance in the green microalga Dunaliella sp. by altering carbon partitioning and inducing metabolites accumulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Fahimeh Sargolzaei,
  • Alireza Einali

摘要

The role of proline (Pro) in salinity tolerance of Dunaliella sp. cells was investigated by studying biochemical responses and antioxidant enzyme activities. Algal cells grown in 1, 2, and 3 M NaCl concentrations in the exponential growth phase were exposed to 0 and 5 mM Pro concentrations. While cell number, soluble sugars, starch, amino acids, endogenous Pro, soluble protein, hydrogen peroxide, and protein carbonylation decreased with increasing salinity in Pro-untreated cells, fresh weight, pigments, total protein, lipid, glycerol, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity significantly increased. The progressive depletion of Pro from algal suspensions confirms its uptake by the cells. This uptake was accompanied by excessive metabolites accumulation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity following Pro treatment. Increased protein carbonylation without significant changes in lipid peroxidation was also found in Pro-treated cells. These data suggest that Dunaliella sp. cells tolerate long-term salinity well. Still, exogenous Pro can improve salinity tolerance by diverting carbon flux towards the biosynthesis of metabolites rather than antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, Pro treatment alters the salinity tolerance strategy by changing carbon partitioning and has high biotechnological potential due to the induction of metabolites accumulation.