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<p>Traditional serological diagnosis can be invasive and uncomfortable, potentially discouraging patients, especially women and children, from seeking diagnosis and treatment. In resource-limited, endemic regions, non-invasive diagnostic approaches are highly desirable. This study investigated the potential of urine-based ELISA using <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> soluble egg–based (<i>Sh-</i>SEA) and worm antigen protein (<i>Sh-</i>WAP) for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis. Urine samples were disaggregated into three groups; 50 laboratory-confirmed <i>S. haematobium</i>–positive individuals, 50 <i>S. haematobium</i>–negative individuals from the endemic area (NE), and 50 non-infected samples from a non-endemic area (NNE) were used for the ELISA immunoassay. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity (SS), and specificity (SP). The <i>Sh-</i>SEA ELISA with urine demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to <i>Sh-</i>WAP in both endemic (AUC = 0.89, SS = 92%, SP = 74%) and non-endemic areas (AUC = 0.77, SS = 80%, SP = 46%). Notably, both <i>Sh-</i>SEA and <i>Sh-</i>WAP antibody titers were significantly higher in infected individuals compared to the non-infected samples in both endemic and non-endemic areas (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). This study’s findings suggest that urine-based ELISA using <i>Sh-</i>SEA and <i>Sh-</i>WAP antigens exhibits promising potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for urogenital schistosomiasis, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>

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Urine-based ELISA for non-invasive diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis: a promising tool for resource-limited regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Tajudeen O. Oriade,
  • Kabirat A. Sulaiman,
  • Timothy Auta,
  • Funmilayo I. D. Afolayan,
  • Alexander B. Odaibo,
  • Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
  • Ramzy G. Fatem,
  • Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi

摘要

Traditional serological diagnosis can be invasive and uncomfortable, potentially discouraging patients, especially women and children, from seeking diagnosis and treatment. In resource-limited, endemic regions, non-invasive diagnostic approaches are highly desirable. This study investigated the potential of urine-based ELISA using Schistosoma haematobium soluble egg–based (Sh-SEA) and worm antigen protein (Sh-WAP) for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis. Urine samples were disaggregated into three groups; 50 laboratory-confirmed S. haematobium–positive individuals, 50 S. haematobium–negative individuals from the endemic area (NE), and 50 non-infected samples from a non-endemic area (NNE) were used for the ELISA immunoassay. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity (SS), and specificity (SP). The Sh-SEA ELISA with urine demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to Sh-WAP in both endemic (AUC = 0.89, SS = 92%, SP = 74%) and non-endemic areas (AUC = 0.77, SS = 80%, SP = 46%). Notably, both Sh-SEA and Sh-WAP antibody titers were significantly higher in infected individuals compared to the non-infected samples in both endemic and non-endemic areas (p < 0.0001). This study’s findings suggest that urine-based ELISA using Sh-SEA and Sh-WAP antigens exhibits promising potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for urogenital schistosomiasis, particularly in resource-limited settings.