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<p>Electrostatic flocking has emerged as a versatile surface engineering tool for functional materials, yet its application to lignocellulosic fibers is hindered by their inherently high dielectric impedance and structural heterogeneity. This study presents a novel, integrated strategy for electrostatic flocking of sisal fibers. Following precise mechanical sectioning, alkaline delignification was employed to isolate cellulose-rich microfibers (&lt; 20&#xa0;µm diameter) while preserving their intrinsic structural hierarchy. Because structural refinement alone yielded a limited flocking lift-off efficiency (~ 49%), a thermodynamically controlled antisolvent precipitation method was developed to deposit sodium chloride (NaCl) as an ionic surface modifier. Compared to conventional solvent evaporation, this antisolvent approach promoted surface-localized nucleation and homogeneous salt distribution. Crucially, we demonstrate that electrostatic performance is dictated by the distribution and morphology of the deposited salt rather than its total amount. Under optimized conditions (Pathway C2), the sisal microfibers achieved 100% flocking lift-off efficiency, forming stable, vertically aligned architectures without compromising the underlying fiber structure. This controlled electrostatic activation provides a scalable platform for integrating natural fibers into advanced applications, such as composite interfaces and bioinspired functional surfaces.</p>

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Electrostatic Flocking of Delignified Sisal Microfibers via Antisolvent-Induced NaCl Surface Functionalization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Mustafa Utku Yıldırım,
  • Bora Maviş

摘要

Electrostatic flocking has emerged as a versatile surface engineering tool for functional materials, yet its application to lignocellulosic fibers is hindered by their inherently high dielectric impedance and structural heterogeneity. This study presents a novel, integrated strategy for electrostatic flocking of sisal fibers. Following precise mechanical sectioning, alkaline delignification was employed to isolate cellulose-rich microfibers (< 20 µm diameter) while preserving their intrinsic structural hierarchy. Because structural refinement alone yielded a limited flocking lift-off efficiency (~ 49%), a thermodynamically controlled antisolvent precipitation method was developed to deposit sodium chloride (NaCl) as an ionic surface modifier. Compared to conventional solvent evaporation, this antisolvent approach promoted surface-localized nucleation and homogeneous salt distribution. Crucially, we demonstrate that electrostatic performance is dictated by the distribution and morphology of the deposited salt rather than its total amount. Under optimized conditions (Pathway C2), the sisal microfibers achieved 100% flocking lift-off efficiency, forming stable, vertically aligned architectures without compromising the underlying fiber structure. This controlled electrostatic activation provides a scalable platform for integrating natural fibers into advanced applications, such as composite interfaces and bioinspired functional surfaces.