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<p>Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites are also becoming an emerging field of research because they are very strong in relation to their weight, and because of their enhanced energy absorption properties compared to traditional protective materials. It is also a significant problem since sustainability and maintenance must be combined to get the best possible mechanical performance. This research has prepared a glass–basalt fiber hybrid laminate that is reinforced with epoxy resin by incorporation of eco-friendly fillers such as milled glass and eggshell powder were employed as filler materials in the resin at varying percentages (0, 3, 5, and 7&#xa0;wt.%). Five layers of glass fiber mat and four layers of basalt fiber mat were used to fabricate laminated composite plates in the hand layup techniques. The mechanical and ballistic properties of glass–basalt fiber/epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with recycled glass powder and eggshell powder were examined. Among various filler reinforced composite laminates, the G7E3 composite containing 7&#xa0;wt.% recycled glass powder and 3&#xa0;wt.% eggshell powder demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving tensile strength of 383.94&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 316.66&#xa0;MPa, and compressive strength of 117&#xa0;MPa, corresponding to improvements of 24.7%, 14.2%, and 7.3%, respectively, compared to the unfilled composite (G0E0). Ballistic impact tests also revealed improved impact resistance, with the G7E3 laminate absorbing a maximum energy of 79.2&#xa0;J and totally halting the projectile. These studies show that the combination of recycled glass powder and eggshell powder significantly enhances mechanical strength and ballistic impact resistance.</p>

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Mechanical Characterization of Glass–Basalt Fiber/Epoxy Hybrid Eco-Friendly Composites Filled with Recycled Milled Glass and Egg Shell Powder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Vijayan Muniyan,
  • Harikrishnan M.,
  • Santhosh Kumar R.,
  • Kevin Bennett

摘要

Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composites are also becoming an emerging field of research because they are very strong in relation to their weight, and because of their enhanced energy absorption properties compared to traditional protective materials. It is also a significant problem since sustainability and maintenance must be combined to get the best possible mechanical performance. This research has prepared a glass–basalt fiber hybrid laminate that is reinforced with epoxy resin by incorporation of eco-friendly fillers such as milled glass and eggshell powder were employed as filler materials in the resin at varying percentages (0, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). Five layers of glass fiber mat and four layers of basalt fiber mat were used to fabricate laminated composite plates in the hand layup techniques. The mechanical and ballistic properties of glass–basalt fiber/epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with recycled glass powder and eggshell powder were examined. Among various filler reinforced composite laminates, the G7E3 composite containing 7 wt.% recycled glass powder and 3 wt.% eggshell powder demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving tensile strength of 383.94 MPa, flexural strength of 316.66 MPa, and compressive strength of 117 MPa, corresponding to improvements of 24.7%, 14.2%, and 7.3%, respectively, compared to the unfilled composite (G0E0). Ballistic impact tests also revealed improved impact resistance, with the G7E3 laminate absorbing a maximum energy of 79.2 J and totally halting the projectile. These studies show that the combination of recycled glass powder and eggshell powder significantly enhances mechanical strength and ballistic impact resistance.