Stiffness-Controlled Penetration Resistance in Basalt–Aramid Hybrid Short-Fibre Polycarbonate Composites
摘要
Hybrid short-fibre-reinforced polycarbonate composites comprising 10 vol.% aramid fibre and 0–10 vol.% basalt fibre were fabricated via twin-screw extrusion and injection moulding to examine stiffness-governed penetration resistance under dynamic loading. Halpin–Tsai micromechanical predictions indicated an increase in effective elastic modulus from 11.12 GPa (PBA1) to 18.07 GPa (PBA3), reflecting enhanced reinforcement efficiency with increasing basalt fraction. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a 51% increase in storage modulus at 1 Hz (1057.53 to 1595.32 MPa) accompanied by a reduction in tan δ to 0.0545, indicating suppression of viscoelastic compliance and improved elastic strain energy storage capacity. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated a systematic elevation in glass transition temperature (125.8 °C to 134.5 °C) and crystallinity (86.12% to 91.53%), confirming restricted segmental mobility and enhanced interfacial constraint. Gas-gun impact testing at ~ 200 m s−1 showed a reduction in residual velocity (166 to 155 m s−1), an increase in dissipated energy (74.66 to 91.83 J), and an elevated energy equivalent velocity (111.50 to 123.20 m s−1). Micromechanical analysis and experimental results consistently indicate that basalt hybridisation promotes stress-wave redistribution, indentation constraint, and stiffness-dominated dynamic response, thereby enhancing penetration resistance through improved load-transfer efficiency rather than viscous dissipation mechanisms.
Graphical Abstract