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<p>This study systematically investigated cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers incorporating Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles at various concentrations and evaluated their potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials before and after hydrophilicity enhancement via deacetylation. Electrospun nanofibers containing 3 wt% iron oxide exhibited the smallest and most uniform fiber diameters, indicating improved electrospinning stability resulting from optimized nanoparticle dispersion and solution properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses confirmed the retention of characteristic CA crystalline and functional group features, demonstrating stable incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles without disruption of the polymer backbone. Antibacterial activity against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> increased with increasing iron oxide content, with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-containing nanofibers exhibiting superior antibacterial performance compared to Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based counterparts, likely due to enhanced surface reactivity and hydroxyl-rich interfaces. Following deacetylation, antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i> slightly decreased but remained significantly higher than that of pristine CA nanofibers, while surface hydrophilicity was markedly improved. Swelling and degradation analyses revealed that pristine CA nanofibers underwent rapid initial swelling and fast degradation, whereas iron oxide incorporation effectively suppressed excessive swelling and enhanced structural stability. Notably, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-containing nanofibers exhibited the slowest degradation behavior, attributed to reinforced interfacial interactions and stabilization associated with the surface hydroxylation of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. Overall, deacetylated iron oxide/CA nanofibers combine enhanced antibacterial activity, controlled swelling behavior, and delayed degradation, highlighting their strong potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials for effective infection control and wound environment management.</p>

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Surface-Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate/Iron Oxide Nanofibrous Composites with Improved Antibacterial Performance and Hydrophilicity for Wound Dressing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Dayae Kang,
  • Ji Ha Lee,
  • Azeem Ullah,
  • Gopiraman Mayakrishnan,
  • Jungsoon Lee,
  • Ick Soo Kim

摘要

This study systematically investigated cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers incorporating Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 nanoparticles at various concentrations and evaluated their potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials before and after hydrophilicity enhancement via deacetylation. Electrospun nanofibers containing 3 wt% iron oxide exhibited the smallest and most uniform fiber diameters, indicating improved electrospinning stability resulting from optimized nanoparticle dispersion and solution properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses confirmed the retention of characteristic CA crystalline and functional group features, demonstrating stable incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles without disruption of the polymer backbone. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increased with increasing iron oxide content, with Fe3O4-containing nanofibers exhibiting superior antibacterial performance compared to Fe2O3-based counterparts, likely due to enhanced surface reactivity and hydroxyl-rich interfaces. Following deacetylation, antibacterial activity against S. aureus slightly decreased but remained significantly higher than that of pristine CA nanofibers, while surface hydrophilicity was markedly improved. Swelling and degradation analyses revealed that pristine CA nanofibers underwent rapid initial swelling and fast degradation, whereas iron oxide incorporation effectively suppressed excessive swelling and enhanced structural stability. Notably, Fe3O4-containing nanofibers exhibited the slowest degradation behavior, attributed to reinforced interfacial interactions and stabilization associated with the surface hydroxylation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Overall, deacetylated iron oxide/CA nanofibers combine enhanced antibacterial activity, controlled swelling behavior, and delayed degradation, highlighting their strong potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials for effective infection control and wound environment management.