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<p>Oil–water emulsion contamination has increased with accelerating industrial production, generating greater volumes of complex effluents containing free and emulsified oils as well as co-contain mixed chemical and biological contaminants that exacerbate fouling, toxicity, and discharge complexity, adversely affecting the environment, public health, and water systems, and consequently driving the need for advanced treatment and higher separation standards. Membrane separation research has advanced rapidly and addressed oil–water emulsions together with co-existing contaminants, instead of limiting the scope to emulsion separation alone. Despite these contributions, there is an absence of comprehensive reviews focused specifically on electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs), although ENMs are a distinct membrane subcategory for emulsion separation that offer superior properties compared to conventional membranes. This review analyzes recent progress over the last five years in multifunctional ENMs designed not only for emulsion separation but also for co-integrated functions such as contaminant adsorption, photocatalytic or catalytic degradation of persistent organics, antibacterial activity, and structural robustness under harsh environments. Membranes are synthesized and categorized in three major types: hydrophobic/oleophilic ENMs for water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) separation, hydrophilic/underwater oleophobic ENMs for oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) separation, and Janus or switchable ENMs for combination of those emulsions. For each type, electrospun materials, fabrication strategies, and modification routes are reviewed and evaluated for their ability to deliver high separation efficiency, recoverable flux, and stable performance over repeated cycles in chemically aggressive or fouling media while enabling adsorption or photocatalytic degradation of contaminations and antibacterial activity. By comparable metrics, the ENMs with the highest performance of emulsion separation and co-integrated functions are identified. The review concludes with existing gaps of these studies and addresses future directions in this research area.</p>

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Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Complex Oil–Water Emulsion Separation: A Comprehensive Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Anh Pham,
  • Eylem Asmatulu

摘要

Oil–water emulsion contamination has increased with accelerating industrial production, generating greater volumes of complex effluents containing free and emulsified oils as well as co-contain mixed chemical and biological contaminants that exacerbate fouling, toxicity, and discharge complexity, adversely affecting the environment, public health, and water systems, and consequently driving the need for advanced treatment and higher separation standards. Membrane separation research has advanced rapidly and addressed oil–water emulsions together with co-existing contaminants, instead of limiting the scope to emulsion separation alone. Despite these contributions, there is an absence of comprehensive reviews focused specifically on electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs), although ENMs are a distinct membrane subcategory for emulsion separation that offer superior properties compared to conventional membranes. This review analyzes recent progress over the last five years in multifunctional ENMs designed not only for emulsion separation but also for co-integrated functions such as contaminant adsorption, photocatalytic or catalytic degradation of persistent organics, antibacterial activity, and structural robustness under harsh environments. Membranes are synthesized and categorized in three major types: hydrophobic/oleophilic ENMs for water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) separation, hydrophilic/underwater oleophobic ENMs for oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) separation, and Janus or switchable ENMs for combination of those emulsions. For each type, electrospun materials, fabrication strategies, and modification routes are reviewed and evaluated for their ability to deliver high separation efficiency, recoverable flux, and stable performance over repeated cycles in chemically aggressive or fouling media while enabling adsorption or photocatalytic degradation of contaminations and antibacterial activity. By comparable metrics, the ENMs with the highest performance of emulsion separation and co-integrated functions are identified. The review concludes with existing gaps of these studies and addresses future directions in this research area.