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<p>This study investigates the development and characterization of three types of 3D woven warp interlock structures (balanced, partially balanced, and imbalanced) from singed jute yarn. The singeing process reduced the protruding fibers (hairiness) of jute yarn resulting in enhanced yarn tenacity. The auxeticity and mechanical performance of the three structures were found to be strongly correlated. Imbalanced structure demonstrated superior auxeticity, with negative Poisson’s ratios of − 1.18 and − 0.7 in the warp and weft directions, respectively, attributed to longer float lengths. It also achieved the highest tensile strength, tear strength, and bending stiffness (circular bend procedure), while the least needle penetration resistance. Balanced structure showed the lowest auxeticity, tensile strength, tear strength, and bending stiffness, while the highest needle penetration resistance. Partially balanced structure displayed intermediate performance. Statistical analysis proved significant and moderate-to-strong negative correlation between mechanical properties (tear, tensile, and bending stiffness) and Poisson’s ratio while moderate positive with needle penetration resistance. Results highlighted the considerable influence of weave patterns on the mechanical performance of 3D woven structures and underscore the potential of imbalanced warp interlock for applications requiring enhanced mechanical performance.</p>

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Effect of Interlocking Patterns on the Auxeticity and Mechanical Performance of 3D Woven Structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Muhammad Umair,
  • Tehseen Ullah,
  • Adeel Abbas,
  • Yasir Nawab,
  • Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam

摘要

This study investigates the development and characterization of three types of 3D woven warp interlock structures (balanced, partially balanced, and imbalanced) from singed jute yarn. The singeing process reduced the protruding fibers (hairiness) of jute yarn resulting in enhanced yarn tenacity. The auxeticity and mechanical performance of the three structures were found to be strongly correlated. Imbalanced structure demonstrated superior auxeticity, with negative Poisson’s ratios of − 1.18 and − 0.7 in the warp and weft directions, respectively, attributed to longer float lengths. It also achieved the highest tensile strength, tear strength, and bending stiffness (circular bend procedure), while the least needle penetration resistance. Balanced structure showed the lowest auxeticity, tensile strength, tear strength, and bending stiffness, while the highest needle penetration resistance. Partially balanced structure displayed intermediate performance. Statistical analysis proved significant and moderate-to-strong negative correlation between mechanical properties (tear, tensile, and bending stiffness) and Poisson’s ratio while moderate positive with needle penetration resistance. Results highlighted the considerable influence of weave patterns on the mechanical performance of 3D woven structures and underscore the potential of imbalanced warp interlock for applications requiring enhanced mechanical performance.